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We're going to come back to this bottom one, here. So, that's a few things. Oh, a couple more.
我们来看底下这个。这里有一些东西，更多东西。
"Disorganized", "unorganized". Usually, you would say about a person: "He or she is disorganized."
“disorganized”和“Unorganized”。通常你会说一个人：“他或她是没有条理的人。”
He has things everywhere or she has things everywhere; it's a big mess.
他或她的东西到处都是，搞得一片狼藉。
But the office or the room of this person is unorganized.
但是办公室和这个人的房间是“unorganized”，
So, we talk about an organization, or a company, or an association, or a place that is unorganized.
当我们谈论一个组织，一家公司或者一个协会，地方时，我们用“unorganized”。
We talk about a person being disorganized. I'm going to come back to these.
谈论一个人时用“disorganized”。我们一会儿再来看这两个词。
So, now, we know, "dis", "un", depends on the word you're using. Same goes for these ones.
取决于你使用的单词，选择“dis”或“un”。这些也是如此。
Right? For example, "non", "non", there are not that many words. You have a "nonpayment".
比如说“non”，没有很多使用这个前缀的词。比如“nonpayment”。
Okay? You bought something, it's non-refundable. Keep in mind sometimes you will have a hyphen, sometimes you will not.
你买了一个东西，它是不可退还的。记住有时会有连字符，有时没有。
How do you know? Check the dictionary. Again, not really any rule here.
怎么才能知道呢？查字典。这个没有什么规则。
Some dictionaries, like American dictionaries will put like a hyphen, British ones won't.
有些字典，比如美国字典中它会有一个连字符，英国的字典就没有。
Depends what you need, that's what you'll use.
这取决于你需要什么，你会用到什么。
"In", "im", same thing, especially with "il", "ir", they're all exact same. They also mean not, or opposite, or lack.
“in”和“im”也是一样，尤其是“il”，“ir”，它们都一样。它们的意思也有不是，相反或者缺少。
We usually use "im" with words that begin with a "b", "m", or a "p".
我们经常在以b，m或p开头的单词中使用“im”。
Now, the thing about "in" or "im", you have to be careful about it. They don't only mean not; they have other meanings.
关于“in”或“im”，你得非常仔细。他们不只有否定的意思，还有其他的意思。
For example, it could mean to put something into, or show direction towards the inside of something.
比如，他可以指将某物放入，或者指示朝向某物内部的方向。
Right? So, for example, "immigrate" means migrate into a country.
比如，“immigrate”意思是移居到一个国家。
So, come... Or come into a country, I should say, sorry. "Migrate" move, "im", into. Move into a country.
进到一个国家，我应该说，“migrate”是移动，“im”是进入。进入一个国家。
"Inflame", so this is another use of the prefix "in". Means to cause, to be, or to make.
"inflame"，这是前缀“in”的另外一个用法。意思是引起，成为，或者使得。
Right? So, you inflame, you make it... The flame, you make it more of a flame, you intensify it.
你点燃，你使它...火焰，你使它更像火焰，你加强了它。
Sorry, intensify. So, there's a... Somebody's having a fight, you want to inflame it.
抱歉，加强。有人在打架，你想使战火更激烈。
You give them both reasons to fight more. You inflame the product, the situation.
你给了他们更多打架的理由。你使产品更强，使情况恶化。
So, "in" and "im" not only mean "not", they also mean "toward" or "to cause". So, be careful.
所以“in”和“im”不仅有“否定”的意思，它们还有“朝向”或“引起”的意思。所以，小心一点。
"Il" and "ir", we use with words that begin with "l" or "r". For example, "illogical", "irrelevant".
“il”和“ir”，我们用在以“l”和“r”开始的单词。比如，“illogical”，“irrelevant”。
Going back to "im", "b", "m", "p". "Imbalanced", "immaterial", "impossible".
现在再来看“im”，“b”，“m”和“p”。“imbalanced”，“immaterial”，“impossible”。
I'm using adjectives. You're not limited to adjectives. There could be other things. For example, "immigration" is a noun.
我们使用的是形容词。不必局限在形容词中。也有其它词性。比如，“immigration”是一个名词。
"Immigrate" is a verb. I'm still using the "im". So be careful about these. And the "non", "nonpayment", "non-refundable".
“immigrate”是一个动词。我仍然使用的是“im”。所以要仔细使用。还有“non”，“nonpayment”，“non-refundable”。
Now, there is another situation. "Mis", I know this is not on my list, this is a different prefix.
这是另外一个情况。“mis”，我知道它不在这里，它是一个不同的前缀。
But many people think that "mis" means "not". It doesn't. "Mis" means wrongly, in a wrong way.
但是很多人认为“mis”的意思是“否定”。它不是。“mis”的意思是错误地，错误的方式。
So, "inappropriate" means not appropriate, not proper, not correct.
“inappropriate”意思是不恰当的，不合适的，不正确的。
"Misappropriate", "inappropriate", "misappropriate", this word and this word are two different words.
“misappropriate"和“inappropriate”，这是两个不同的词。
This is an adjective, means correct or proper. "Appropriate" is a verb, means take.
这是一个形容词，意思是正确的，恰当的。“appropriate”是一个动词，意思是占用。
If you misappropriate, you take something in a dishonest way, in a wrong way. Okay? So, be very careful about "mis".
如果你“misappropriate”，你以一种欺诈的方式获取某物，以一种错误的方式。所以使用“mis”时要非常仔细。
And make sure you understand which word you are using before you add your prefix.
在加前缀之前，确保你理解你要使用的单词。
Now, we're getting to the gist of the lesson, we're getting to the main point.
我们就要讲到这节课的主旨，这节课的要点。
How do you know, and what if you don't know which prefix to use? So, for example, "unsecure", "insecure".
不知道使用哪个前缀怎么办？比如，“unsecure”，“insecure”。
"Insecure", generally, we talk about a person... A person's attitude toward him or herself.
“insecure”，通常我们是在谈论一个人，一个人对自己的态度。
If someone is insecure, means they lack confidence; they're not confident.
如果某人是不自信的，意思是他们缺乏信心，他们不自信。
They don't have the self-security. "Unsecure" means not safe.
他们没有安全感。“unsecure”意思是不安全。
Now, if you're talking about a computer that doesn't have an anti-virus, it's unsecure.
如果你说一个电脑没有杀毒软件，它就是不安全的。
It doesn't have a firewall, it's unsecure. If you attach a picture to the wall...
它没有防火墙，是不安全的。如果你把一幅画挂在墙上...
For example, this, this whiteboard is secured to the wall.
比如，比如这个白板固定在墙上。
If I take out the screws, it might fall over, it would be unsecure.
如果你取掉螺丝，它可能会掉下来，不安全。
But many people feel this word is uncomfortable, it just doesn't sound right, "unsecure".
但是很多人感觉这个单词是“不舒服”，听起来不太对，“unsecure”。
If you're not sure, use the two words. Say: "Not secure".
如果你不确定的话，使用这两个单词。“not secure”。
If this word, "unsecure" doesn't feel correct, don't use it. Use "not secure".
如果感觉“unsecure”这个词不对的花，就别使用它。使用“not secure”。
Tell me the meaning of this. Okay? Don't worry about the word itself if you don't like it.
告诉我这个词的意思。如果你不喜欢的话，不要担心这个词。
Which, brings us, again, to the main point: how do you know? Well, you have to feel.
这又将我们带到了要点：我们怎么知道？你得去感觉。
You have to feel the language, you have to feel which word sounds correct or not. Now, this is especially important in writing.
你得去感受语言，你得去感觉这个词听起来对不对。这在写作中尤其重要。
In spoken English, if you say: "Dispossible", people will look at you a little bit strange, but they will understand what you're saying.
在口语中，如果你说：“Dispossible”，人们会用奇怪的眼神看着你，但是他们会理解你说的意思。
In writing, they will look at it and try to figure out what's going on; they'll get confused.
在写作中，他们看着它，想弄清楚这是怎么回事，他们会感到疑惑。
In writing, it's very important to use the right word, the correct word. You have to feel it.
在写作中，使用正确的词是很重要的事情。你得感受它。
Now, how do you feel which word is correct and which word is not? Read. Read a lot, a lot, a lot, a lot.
你怎么才能知道那个词是正确的，哪个词是错误的？阅读，大量阅读。
This is where you get to feel the language. For example, if you read 100 books by 100 different authors, all of them will use "imbalanced".
这就是你感受语言的地方。比如，如果你读了100个不同作者的书，他们都使用“imbalanced”。
Nobody will use "disbalanced". Some might use "unbalanced".
没人使用“disbalanced”。有些会使用“unbalanced”。
Okay? So, you're free to use one or the other. Okay? "Immaterial", everybody will use "immaterial" or "not material".
所以，你可以任意使用这两个。“immaterial”，大家都会使用“immaterial”或者“not material”。
"Immaterial", by the way, means not important, not relevant. Same as "irrelevant", "immaterial", synonyms.
“immaterial”意思就是不重要，不相关。和“irrelevant”相同，这两个是同义词。
Okay? So, now, personally, I recommend reading novels. Why? Because the authors of novels, technically, should have a very strong command of grammar.
我个人的推荐就是读小说。为什么？因为严格来说，小说的作者，有很强的语法能力。
They spend a lot of time thinking about every word they use, and they have editors, who also check every word they use.
他们花很多时间思忖他们使用的每个词，他们的编辑也会检查他们使用的每个词。
So, novels get you... Really play with the language and really help you get this feel for the language.
小说会让你...真正地练习这门语言，真正地帮助你获得对这门语言的感觉。
But until you get that feeling, until that time comes, use a dictionary. Like anything else, if you're not sure, check.
但是直到获得这个感觉之前，在那之前，使用词典。就像其他任何事情一样，如果你不确定的话，就去查询。
The dictionary says like this, use it like that. If you're in the middle of the test and you can't think of...
照字典说的那样使用词汇。如果你正在考试，你想不到...
You don't have a dictionary, you have to write something, give it your best guess and hope for the best.
你没有字典，你得写东西，那就尽你所能，抱乐观的希望。
But eventually, you will know just by looking at it if it's right or wrong.
最终，你只要看它来判断对错就好了。
Okay, if you go to www.engvid.com, I put a quiz there that will test your knowledge of some of these words with their prefixes.
如果你登录英格威学习网的话，你可以做一个测验，来检测你对这些带有前缀单词的掌握程度。
A couple little surprise ones for you as well. Also, don't forget to subscribe to my channel on YouTube.
还有一些令人惊讶的词。别忘了订阅我的油管频道。
And ask any questions you'd like, and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. Thanks.
欢迎向我提问，我会尽快回来找你们的。谢谢。
