评论
打印
In this American English pronunciation video,
在这段美式英语发音视频中，
we’re going to go over how to increase your vocabulary.
我们将讨论如何增加你的词汇量。
One of the challenges in learning a foreign language is remembering all of the new vocabulary.
学习一门新的外语时最大的挑战就是背单词。
In this video, we’re going to go over a few tips for learning new words, and for remembering them.
在本次的视频中，我们会讲到几个学习新单词和记忆单词的技巧。
First, expose yourself to the language.
首先，你要让自己大量接触到这种语言。
For example, read. I still learn English words from reading.
例如，阅读。我现在仍然坚持通过阅读学习英语单词。
I find that every couple of months the New York Times uses a word that either I’ve never heard before,
我发现每隔几个月《纽约时报》就会使用到一个我以前从未听到过的单词，
or that I’ve heard but I’m not totally solid on the meaning.
或者我听到过但我对其含义不太了解。
So I look it up, learn the meaning, and then go back to the sentence and solidify it.
所以我会用字典查一下这个单词，学习它的意思，然后回到句子中来巩固这个单词。
One good idea is to think of another word that you know
学习生词的一个很好的方法就是想出另一个你知道的单词，
that you could replace it with in that sentence.
这个单词可以在句子中代替新学到的单词。
A word that wouldn’t change the meaning.
而且这个单词不会改变句子的意思。
Then say the sentence with that word.
然后读一下那个用你已知的单词替换后的句子。
Tying the new word to a word you already know,
把生词和一个你已经知道的单词联系起来，
and studying it in the context of the sentence will help you remember it.
在句子的上下文中学习它，会有助于你记住这个生词。
If you know my channel, you know it’s a pronunciation channel.
如果你了解我的频道，你就知道我的频道主要是学习发音的视频。
Always learn the pronunciation when you learn a new word.
当你学习一个新单词时，一定要记住它的发音。
When you look up a word in the dictionary, the pronunciation is always right there.
当你在字典里查单词时，它的发音就在单词旁边。
Many online dictionaries also play an audio file so you can hear a native speaker say the word.
许多在线词典还能播放音频文件，这样你就可以听到英语母语人士读这个词。
Practice it out loud several times.
将这个单词大声地读几遍。
You want to read at the right level to learn.
阅读材料难度适中，才有助于你学习。
If it’s too easy, you won’t learn many new vocabulary words.
如果阅读材料太简单，你不会学到很多新单词。
If it’s too hard, you don’t really get the context because there’s too much that you don’t know.
如果阅读材料太难了，你就不能真正理解上下文的意思，因为你不认识的单词太多了。
Try reading at a level where you look up, at most, one word per sentence.
你的阅读材料难度最好是每个句子中你至多需要查一个单词。
As you discover new words in your reading, write them down, along with the meaning and the context.
当你在阅读中发现生词时，把它们连同意义和上下文一起写下来。
You can either use a notebook, or flashcards if you prefer that.
你可以使用笔记本，如果你喜欢抽认卡，也可以写在抽认卡上。
Make a system that works for you
建立一个对你有效的学习系统，
so you know you’re going to actually go back and study the words again.
这样你就知道你需要复习这些单词了。
Most words you won’t remember from just looking it up once.
大多数单词你只查一次是不会记住的。
When you look the word up, look for related words or other forms of the word.
当你用字典查一个单词的时候，可以查一下与这个单词相关的单词或这个单词的其他形式。
For example, let’s say you’re learning the word ‘adjust’, which is a verb.
例如，假设你正在学习单词“adjust”，这是一个动词。
You may find in the dictionary that ‘adjustable’ is an adjective
你可以在字典里找到它的形容词形式是‘adjustable’，
and ‘adjustment’ is a noun. Write these down too.
名词形式是‘adjustment’。把这些相关的单词也写下来。
It’s also a good idea to look for one antonym or one synonym.
查找一个生词的反义词或同义词也是一个学习单词的好方法。
An antonym is a word with an opposite meaning,
反义词是意思相反的词，
and a synonym is a word with the same or similar meaning.
同义词就是意思相同或相似的词。
So, let’s say you’re learning the word ‘blurry’.
那么，让我们假设你正在学习“blurry”这个词。
A synonym would be ‘fuzzy’. An antonym would be ‘clear’.
它的同义词应该是“fuzzy”。反义词应该是“clear”。
If any of these words are unknown to you, write them down too.
如果你不认识“fuzzy”或者“clear”，那就也把它们写下来。
You can find synonyms and antonyms by looking in a thesaurus, like thesaurus.com.
你可以通过类义词词典查找同义词和反义词，比如thesaurus.com。
Another great way to learn vocabulary is to watch TV, movies, and online videos.
另一个学习单词的好方法就是看电视、电影和在线视频。
But you can’t just sit back, relax, and be entertained.
但你不能只是坐在那里看视频，放松和享受。
You can do that sometimes, you’re going to learn more if you actively participate in learning.
有时候你可以只是这样做，但如果你积极利用视频来学习，你会学到更多。
When I was in Germany, I watched a lot of TV with my notebook in hand.
当我在德国的时候，我看了很多电视，但是我手里总是会拿着笔记本做笔记。
When I heard a word or phrase that I knew I could identify but didn’t know the meaning of,
当听到一个单词或短语，我虽然知道自己能听出来，但却不知道它的意思的时候，
I immediately stopped paying attention to the television,
我马上就不看电视了，
or paused what I was watching, and wrote down the word.
或者我会暂停一下我正在看的视频，然后写下这个单词或短语。
Then I looked up the meaning and wrote down the context.
然后我会查一下它的意思，把上下文也写下来。
It was so easy to remember new words I picked up this way
通过这种方式学会的新单词，我很容易就能记住，
because I had the visual of what I had been seeing,
因为我脑海中有看到的视觉效果，
I had the visual of the word written down, and I practiced out loud several times.
我有这个单词的视觉记录，我还大声练习了几次。
The context of the situation helped solidify that word or phrase.
情景中的上下文帮助我巩固了这个词或短语。
If you can rewind and watch again, do this, and pay attention to the pronunciation.
如果你可以的话，可以倒回去重新看一下视频，并注意发音。
Imitate the pronunciation out loud 5 or 6 times.
大声模仿发音五六遍。
Make sure you write the pronunciation down,
一定要把发音写下来，
either using IPA or another system that works for you.
要么用国际音标，要么用其他适合你的音标。
This is also great for learning phrases or sequences of words that are frequently used.
这对于学习经常使用的短语或单词序列也很有用。
When I was in Germany watching a drama, I heard the phrase: Es tut mir furchtbar leid.
当我在德国看戏剧时，我听到这样一个短语：Es tut mir furchtbar leid。
I had never heard this phrase before.
我以前从未听过这个短语。
I knew ‘es tut mir leid’, which means “I’m sorry”, so I recognized the phrase,
我知道‘es tut mir leid’的意思是‘对不起’，所以我听出了这个短语，
and I learned a new way to intensify it with ‘furchtbar’. I’m terribly sorry.
并学会了用‘furchtbar’来强化这个短语的新方法。我非常抱歉。
When you learn a new phrase, write it down.
当你学到一个新短语时，把它写下来。
Ok, so what do you do with all of these words and phrases you’re writing down?
好，那么你要怎么处理你写下的这些单词和短语呢？
By learning them in the context of reading or video,
通过在阅读或视频语境中学习它们，
you’re already helping yourself memorize them.
你已经在帮助自己记住这些单词和短语了。
But you’re still going to have to put in some work.
但是你还是要多做一些努力。
