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And it isn't just our refrigerators that have gotten bigger.
不止我们的冰箱变大了。
The average dinner plate has grown by 36% since 1960.
1960年以来，我们的餐盘也平均变大了36%。
When you have a big plate, you tend to put a lot of food on it — whether or not you can eat it all.
当你有一个大盘子的时候，你往往也会盛更多的食物在里面——无论你是否吃得完。
This is something Jill Horst noticed at UC Santa Barbara.
加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校的吉尔·霍斯特就注意到了这一点。
"You have a tray that's 14-by-18 inches and you feel you need to load it up with food.
“如果你的盘子是14x18英寸的，你就会想要把它装满。
You would see students that had four glasses: water, juice, soda, milk —
你会看到，学生们会拿四个杯子：水、果汁、汽水、牛奶一样来一杯——
and you'd go to the tray return and they would still be full."
如果你去托盘回收处看的话，你会发现一个个的还都是满的。”
In 2009, the dining halls stopped using trays.
2009年，他们的餐厅便开始停止使用托盘了。
Students can take as much food as they want, but there isn't a tray to pile it onto.
学生们还是可以想拿多少拿多少，只是已经没有托盘了。
"The food waste per person, per tray, reduced by 50 percent.
“每人每个托盘的食物浪费一下子就减少了50%。
I mean so that was huge."
所以效果真的非常显著。”
Let's say that the average student wastes six ounces of food per meal.
我们打个比方，加入每个学生平均每餐浪费的食物是6盎司。
That may not seem like a lot — but UC Santa Barbara serves 13,000 meals per day.
听起来可能并不是很多——但加州大学圣巴巴拉分校每天要提供1.3万份餐食。
So that's nearly 5,000 pounds of wasted food.
那就相当于每天要浪费近5000磅（约2268kg）的食物。
It's like throwing 350 Thanksgiving turkeys into the garbage every single day.
相当于每天要扔350只感恩节火鸡到垃圾桶里。
"And when you take the trays away and it becomes three ounces,
“不提供托盘以后，浪费的量就（从6盎司）变成了3盎司，
that's a significant impact to help with not only the food waste, but food cost."
这个办法不仅有助于减少食物浪费，还有助于降低食物成本。”
"So, it turns out that something very small — like removing a tray or changing the size of a plate —
“所以，事实证明，非常微小的改变——比如撤走托盘或改变盘子的大小——
can have this profound impact on our behavior.
都能对我们的行为产生非常深远的影响。
And it doesn't take much effort, because the effect is subliminal."
还不需要很费劲，因为这种效果都是潜意识的。”
The other thing they're paying attention to at UC Santa Barbara is portion size.
加州大学圣巴巴拉分校关注的另一个问题就是分量。
"Each plate is portioned one portion for a student.
“每个盘子都是一人份的。
They can take as many portions as they like,
学生们想拿多少份都可以，
but we are actually plating the right size, the right amount that we should be eating."
但我们盘子的分量是刚刚好的，刚好是我们应该食用的分量。”
We've gotten used to these gigantic portion sizes at restaurants.
我们已经习惯餐馆里这种巨大的份量了。
And in a subtle way, it encourages us to overeat and throw away a lot of food.
这种分量就隐隐在鼓励我们多吃多浪费。
"If you look around, there's not a whole lot of food waste on the plates because of the proper portioning.
“如果你左右看你会发现，盘子里已经没有太多浪费了，因为我们设计的份量是正确的。
I mean that's somebody's meal.
那就是某个学生吃过的餐盘。
That's all they have left."
盘子里的就是他们剩下的所有东西。”
"None of us are perfect.
“没有谁是完全挑不出毛病的。
Wasting less food isn't just going to happen overnight.
减少食物浪费也不是一朝一夕就能实现的。
But just having it on our radar can really help us waste a lot less.
但培养减少浪费的意识绝对是能够帮助我们减少很多浪费的。
And if we do have extra food, then let's at least try to get it to people who could use it."
就算我们真的买多了或做多了，那也请大家至少试试把它送给需要的人。”
"There is so much high-quality surplus that's wasted,
“有太多太多很不错的多余食物被浪费了，
that just needs to find the people that need it the most."
我们要做的只是找到最需要它的人而已。”
Komal is the founder of Copia, a startup that's trying to recover all of this perfectly good food.
科马尔是Copia的创始人，这是一家专门回收完好无损的食物的初创公司。
"If you imagine the world's largest football stadium filled to its absolute brim
“试想一下，世界上最大的足球场座无虚席的样子，
that's how much food goes wasted every single day in America —
这就是美国每天浪费的食物的量，
and I'm not talking about last night's pad thai or this morning's half-eaten pastries,
我说的还不是昨天晚上吃剩的泰式馅饼或者今天早上吃了一半的糕点，
but untouched, uneaten, perfectly edible food."
我说的是原封不动的、没吃的、完全可以食用的食物。”
So we don't need to purchase or make more food.
换句话说，我们并不需要购买或制作更多的食物。
We just need to figure out how to get it to the people who need it.
我们只需要想办法把多余的食物送到需要它的人手里。
MIT's FoodCam is great at recovering food.
麻省理工学院的FoodCam团队就非常擅长回收食物。
But when you start scaling this up from one building to an entire city or an entire country, it becomes much more difficult.
问题是，当你想把这一举措从一栋楼延伸到一整座城市，甚至是一整个国家，操作起来就会变得困难得多。
Let's say you're a small company and you have 200 sandwiches left over from an event.
假设你所在的公司是一家小公司，你们搞活动剩了200个三明治。
That's a lot of food — but it takes time and effort to figure out how and where to donate it.
200个三明治不少了吧？但要弄清楚怎么捐赠以及捐赠到哪里是需要时间和精力的。
Most people really don't want to deal with all this.
大多数人都不想找这个麻烦。
"It shouldn't be this hard to do a good thing.
“做好事不应该麻烦的。
Like, how cool would it be if people who have food could say, 'hey, we have food,'
有食物的人说，‘哎，我们这儿有吃的，’需要食物的人说，‘哎，我们需要吃的’，
and people who need food could say, 'hey we need food,'
要是能让他们表明自己的需求，
and we could connect these two people and clear the marketplace?"
要是能把他们联系到一起把市场“打扫”干净，那该有多棒啊！
So Komal is trying to make food donation easy and intuitive.
为此，科马尔正在努力让食物捐赠变得简单随性。
If you have some food, you type your info into the Copia app.
如果你有多余的食物，你可以在Copia上留下你的信息。
A driver will then come pick up your food and deliver it to shelters that need it.
之后会有司机过来取走你的食物送去需要那些事物的收容所。
And during big events, like Super Bowl 50, there's a ton of extra food.
在大型活动期间，比如第五十届超级碗期间会产生一吨额外的食物。
The issue is that it has a short shelf life.
问题是那些食物的保质期很短。
"Imagine four 16-foot refrigerated trucks filled to their absolute brim — that's how much food we recovered.
“想象一下，16英尺（约5m）长的冷藏卡车满满当当地装4辆——我们就回收了这么多。
We fed 23,000 people in two days.
两天时间，我们救济了23000人。
Nobody slept.
那两天忙得我们觉都没空睡。
And it's not, you know, hot dogs and popcorn.
我们回收的还不是热狗和爆米花这种东西噢，
It was lobster rolls and pulled pork sandwiches and $300 cheeses.
而是龙虾卷，手撕猪肉三明治，300美元的芝士之类的好东西。
High-quality food."
都是非常高档的东西。”
"If we can get food that would otherwise be wasted to people who need it,
“如果我们能把原本会被浪费掉的食物送到需要的人手中，
we're not only fighting hunger, but we're actually slowing global warming.
那我们解决的不仅是饥饿问题，还有全球变暖问题。
It really is a win-win."
所以这真的是一个一箭双雕的办法。”
And Komal doesn't want to solve hunger in just California.
而且，科马尔想解决的不仅仅是加州的饥饿问题。
She wants to solve world hunger — period.
还有全世界的饥饿问题——一点儿没夸张噢。
"It's not about optimism or pessimism.
“这跟乐观或悲观无关。
I think it's just that we're hell-bent on making it happen.
我们只是下定了决心要实现这个目标。
This isn't going to be an overnight thing.
这个问题也不是一朝一夕就能解决的。
It's got to be policy change.
我们还得从政策上做出改变。
It's going to be other entrepreneurs.
还得要其他企业家和我们一起努力。
It's going to be really big companies and institutions also taking a stand
需要大公司，大机构表明他们的立场，
and saying that, 'you know what, we don't tolerate perfectly great food being wasted.'"
说，‘告诉你吧，我们不能容忍完好的食物被浪费。’”
"Look, no one likes throwing out food.
“听着，没有人喜欢浪费食物。
So we made a simple guide to help you waste less.
所以我们做了一个简单的指南来帮助大家减少浪费。
To find out more go to climate.universityofcalifornia.edu."
了解更多信息，请访问climate.universityofcalifornia.edu.”
