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Hi, I'm Oli.
大家好，我是奥利。
Welcome to Oxford Online English! In this lesson, you can learn how to answer IELTS academic writing task one questions.
欢迎来到牛津英语在线课堂！在这节课中，你可以学习如何回答雅思学术写作任务一的问题。
In task one of the academic IELTS writing exam, you have to summarise and describe the information given to you in some kind of chart.
在雅思学术写作考试的第一项任务中，你必须以图表的形式总结和描述给你的信息。
You might have to summarise and describe a pie chart, a line graph, a bar chart, a table, a diagram, or even a map.
你可能需要总结和描述一个饼状图，一个折线图，一个柱状图，一个表格，一个图表，甚至是一张地图。
Are you watching on YouTube? If so, you can find a link to our website in the video description.
你是在YouTube上观看的吗？如果是这样，你可以在视频描述中找到我们网站的链接。
The lesson page on our website includes the task as well as a model answer.
我们网站上的课程页面包括任务和一个示范答案。
We recommend watching the video on our website so you can refer to the task and the model answer while you watch.
我们建议在网站上观看视频，以便在观看的时候参考任务和示范答案。
One more thing: do you want to watch this video with subtitles?
还有：你想看带字幕的视频吗？
You can! Just click the ‘CC' button in the bottom right of your video player.
没问题！点击视频播放器右下角的“CC”即可。
In this lesson, you'll see a sample IELTS academic writing task 1 question.
在这节课中，你将会看到雅思学术写作任务一的例题。
You can learn how to approach these questions and write your own answer.
你可以学习如何处理这些问题并写出答案。
You'll also see some useful tips to help you improve your IELTS writing score.
你还将看到一些帮助提高雅思写作成绩的实用技巧。
Let's start by looking at our sample question: So, what should you do first?
我们先从示例问题开始：那么，首先应该做什么？
With all IELTS writing, you need to organise your ideas before you start.
在所有的雅思写作中，你需要在动笔前组织好构思。
For a chart such as this one, think about how to connect the data.
例如这样的图表，需要考虑如何连接数据。
Often, IELTS academic task one questions contain lots of data.
雅思学术性考试的第一道试题通常包含大量的数据。
Many students try to present every piece of information, like a big list, but this is a mistake.
很多学生试图将每个信息呈现出来，就像列长长的清单，但是这是错误的做法。
Do you know why? If you do this, your writing will probably be too long and repetitive.
你知道理由吗？如果这样做，你的文章可能会累赘，冗杂。
You also won't have much progression in your writing, which is needed for C&C scores of six or higher.
你的写作也不会有太大的进步，而这对于连贯与衔接(C&C)评分标准的6分或更高分数来说是必需的。
So, you need to connect and group the data, but how?
因此，您需要连接和分组数据，但是如何进行呢？
There's no general rule here, but here's a good starting point: look for similarities and contrasts.
这里没有一般的规则，但有一个很好的起点：寻找相似性和对比点。
In this question, you should look for similarities and contrasts both within each chart, and between the two charts.
在这个问题中，你应该在每个图表以及两个图表之间寻找相似点和对比点。
Think about it now.
现在思考一下吧。
Look at the charts, and try to find similarities and contrasts in the data.
看一下图表，试着找出数据中的相似点和对比点。
You can see the full-sized chart on the webpage for this lesson.
你可以看到这节课的网页上有完整的图表。
Don't forget: if you're watching on YouTube, there's a link in the video description.
提醒一下：如果你在YouTube上观看，视频描述中有一个链接。
Pause the video, and do it now! Ready? Here are some ideas.
暂停视频，现在观察一下！准备好了吗？给大家介绍一下。
In the first chart, the proportions for ‘living with flatmates' and ‘living with parents' are similar,
在第一个图表中，“与室友同住”和“与父母同住”的比例是相似的，
and they're much larger than the other two segments, which are similar to each other.
而且比其他两个部分的比例大得多，另外两个部分的比例也是相似的。
In the second chart, the proportions for ‘living with flatmates' and ‘living alone' are similar.
在第二个图表中，“与室友同住”和“独自居住”的比例是相似的。
‘Living with a partner or spouse' is much larger than all the other groups.
“与伴侣或配偶同居”的占比远高于其他部分。
Between the two charts, the proportions for ‘living alone' are very similar.
在这两个图表中，“独自生活”所占比例非常相似。
The other segments are all quite different, especially ‘living with a partner or spouse'.
其他几个部分则完全不同，尤其是“与伴侣或配偶同居”所占比例。
Did you get these ideas, or did you have different ideas for similarities and contrasts? There's more than one way to do this.
你得到这些信息了吗？或者你对相似点和对比点有不同的想法吗？分析图表的方式不止一种。
But, you should think about this point before you start writing.
但是，在开始写作之前，你应该考虑到这一点。
Try to make connections in your head, and put the data you're given into groups.
试着在你的头脑中建立联系，把你得到的数据进行分组。
This will help you to link the data when you write, which is necessary for higher scores.
这将有助于你在写作时连接数据，这对于获得更高的分数来说是必要的。
What else should you do before you start writing? One: for a chart, check whether it shows figures, or percentages, or a mix.
在你开始写作之前，你还应该做些什么？一：针对图表的情况，检查其是否显示数字、百分比或两种情况都有。
You need different language to talk about these things.
你需要用不同的语言进行谈论。
If the chart shows figures, you'll need to talk about numbers, figures, amounts, and so on.
如果图表显示的是数字，你就需要谈论数字、数据、数量等等。
If the chart shows percentages, you'll need to talk about percentages and proportions.
如果图表显示出百分比，你需要谈论百分比和比例。
Here, these are pie charts, so you need to talk about percentages and proportions.
现在显示的这些是饼状图，所以你需要谈论百分比和比例。
Two: check if the data relates to the past, the present, the future, or a combination.
第二：检查数据是否涉及过去、现在、未来或三者皆有。
Sometimes, we see IELTS students who don't pay attention to this, and then they mix different verb tenses in their answer.
有时候，我们看到雅思考试的学生忽略了这一点，然后他们在答案中混淆了不同的动词时态。
This could hurt your score.
这可能会影响你的分数。
Decide what verb tenses you need (past or present or future or mixed) and try to keep it in your head as you write.
决定需要什么样的动词时态（过去式、现在式、将来式或混合式），并在写作时尽量记住。
Here, the charts are from 2015, so you'll need past verb forms.
这张图表是2015年的，所以你需要过去时的动词形式。
Three: ask yourself if the charts refer to a moment in time, or changes over time.
第三：要看清楚这些图表是指某一时刻，还是随时间变化。
You'll need different language in each case.
每种情况都需要使用不同的语言。
Here, the charts refer to a moment in time.
在这里，图表指的是时间中的某个时刻。
This means you'll need to use the verb ‘be' a lot.
这意味着你需要经常使用be动词。
You won't use verbs like ‘increase' or ‘change', like you would in some IELTS task one questions.
你不会用到“增加”或“改变”这样的动词，就像你在雅思任务一考试题中使用到的那些。
Make sure you organise your ideas clearly *before* you start writing.
在动笔之前，一定要把你的想法构思清楚。
Time spent planning will increase your chances of writing a well-structured, complete task.
花时间构思有利于你写出结构清晰的文章、完成任务。
Now, you're ready to write.
现在，你可以开始动笔了。
How should you start? At the start of your answer, you should do two things.
应该如何开始呢？在作答前，你应该准备两件事。
One: write a short paragraph – one or two sentences – saying what the chart shows.
第一：写一小段话——一两句即可——说明图表的内容。
Two: write another short paragraph with an overview.
第二：再写一段简短的概述。
This doesn't have to be a separate paragraph; you can put it together with the first paragraph if you want.
不必要写成单独的段落；如果你愿意，你可以将它和第一段放在一起。
It doesn't matter. Let's look at these one by one.
没关系。让我们一个一个来看。
For the first paragraph, you just need to restate the information in the instructions,
对于第一段，你只需要在说明中重申信息，
but you should use paraphrase or different structures to avoid too much repetition.
但应该使用意译或不同的结构，避免太多的重复。
Look at the example from our model answer: Often, IELTS students have problems with this.
看看我们的范例答案：考雅思的学生通常在这方面遇到问题。
This is because they try to follow the sentence structure in the task, and just change the words.
这是因为他们试图在解答时遵循句子结构，只是单纯的改变单词。
Paraphrase is useful, but you need to use other skills, too.
释义无可厚非，但你也需要使用其他技能。
For example, you can use different references.
例如，可以使用不同的引用。
The task refers to ‘two charts' while our model answer refers to ‘pie charts'.
这个任务指的是“两个图表”，而我们的范例答案指的是“饼状图”。
You can put ideas in a different order.
你可以把想法按不同的顺序排列。
The task says ‘living arrangements of two different age groups', but in our model answer,
这个任务是“两个不同年龄段人的生活安排”，但在我们的范例答案中，
we switch the order of these ideas, as well as changing the words.
我们改变了这些信息的顺序，也改变了单词的顺序。
Sometimes, paraphrase is enough. The task mentions ‘a certain country'.
有时候，释义就足够了。这个任务提到了“某个国家”。
In our model answer, we paraphrase this to ‘an unspecified country'.
在我们的范例答案中，我们将其解释为“一个未具体指定的国家”。
Finally, you can avoid repetition by using different levels of generality or specificity.
最后，你可以通过使用不同级别的一般性或特殊性来避免重复。
The task refers to ‘living arrangements'; in our model answer, we list the four specific categories.
这一任务指的是”生活安排“；在我们的范例答案中，我们列出了四个特定的类别。
You don't need to change everything from the task.
你不需要改变任务中的“一切”。
It's fine to copy and repeat small chunks of language.
复制和重复一小段的语言是没有问题的。
Also, there are some things you have to repeat.
此外，某些信息你必须重复。
Here, there's no way to change ‘in 2015', so we kept it the same.
这一题中，“2015年”是无法改变的，所以我们不做更改。
One final point: it's fine to copy any text which appears on the chart itself.
最后一点：任何出现在图表上的文字都可以复制。
This means you can – and should – copy the categories, like ‘living alone', ‘living with parents' and so on.
这意味着你可以或者应该复制这些分类，如“独自生活”、“与父母一起生活”等等。
That gives you your first paragraph.
这是第一段的内容。
Next, you need to write the overview.
接下来，需要编写概述。
You can also put your overview paragraph at the end, if you want.
如果可以的话，你也可以把概述段落放在最后。
For your overview, think about this: imagine you want to tell someone about the chart, but you can only say one or two sentences.
对于概述，可以这样想：假设你想告诉某人关于图表的信息，但是你只能用一两句话概括。
How would you do it? Hopefully, this question is easier, because you planned your answer, and found connections between different points, and looked for contrasts and similarities.
你会怎么做？希望这个问题更简单，因为你准备好了答案，找到了不同观点之间的联系，并寻找对比和相似之处。
You did that, didn't you? You can use that here!
是这样的，对吧？你可以在此处使用！
Your goal in the overview is to take the most important points from the chart, without going into detail.
在概述中，你的目标是从图表中提取最重要的信息，而不进行详细说明。
If you want to try, then pause the video and write your own overview sentence.
如果你想尝试一下，可以暂停视频，自己写一下概述句。
We'll show you our example in a few seconds.
接下来，我们将简短地为您展示我们的示例。
