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Thank you to Hollywood Health and Society for sponsoring this video.
感谢好莱坞健康与社会组织赞助本视频。
Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin. Drug overdoses are a serious problem.
大家好！欢迎来到打脑洞开的生命奇想。服药过量是一个严重的问题。
There were more than 67,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2018 alone.
2018年，仅在美国就有超过67000服药过量致死事件。
Overdose is the top cause of death for people under 50 in U.S.—killing more people than car accidents or homicides—
在美国，服药过量是50岁以下人群的头号死因-杀死的人比车祸或他杀还多-
and is one of the largest health crises our country has ever faced.
这也是我们国家面临的最大的健康危机之一。
Opioids are a significant driver of drug overdose deaths.
阿片类药物是药物过量致死的一个重要原因。
In 2018, they played a part in nearly 70% of fatal overdoses.
2018年，它占据了近70%的致死人数。
So just what are opioids? The term refers to a class of pain relieving drugs
什么是阿片类药物？这个术语指的是一系列的止疼药，
including everything from prescription medicines such as oxycodone and morphine, to drugs like heroin that are illegal in the U.S.
包括从羟考酮和吗啡等处方药，到在美国属于非法药品的海洛因等药物。
When used correctly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional, prescribed opioids can be extremely helpful in relieving pain.
在专业医护人员的指导下，服用处方阿片类药物对减轻疼痛很有帮助。
However, if you take too much, or if you use illicit drugs, you risk an overdose.
但是，如果你服用过量，或者使用非法药物，你就有服药过量的风险。
And to make matters worse, two very powerful and dangerous opioids called fentanyl and carfentanil
现在，使事情更糟的是，两种药力非常强和危险的药物，
are today commonly found in a large range of street drugs, including cocaine, methamphetamine and MDMA.
卡芬太尼和芬太尼存在于大量的街头毒品中，包括可卡因，脱氧麻黄碱和摇头丸。
Anyone who uses opioids can experience an overdose, but certain things can increase risk,
任何使用阿片类药物的人都可能服药过量，但是特定的情况会加大风险，
like combining opioids with alcohol or other drugs, Doing so increases the risk of respiratory depression.
比如将阿片类药物和酒精或其他药物共用，这样做会增加呼吸抑制的风险。
If you combine alcohol with another depressant, like opioids, the two substances work to intensify the negative effect.
如果你将酒精和别的镇静剂共用，比如阿片类药物，两种物质会使副作用增强。
Opioids slow down the central nervous system, including breathing.
阿片类药物会减慢中心神经系统的速度，包括呼吸。
Alcohol is classified as a Central Nervous System depressant, meaning that it slows down brain functioning and neural activity.
酒精被称为中心神经系统镇静剂，意味着它可以减慢大脑功能和神经活动。
Other things that can increase the risk of overdose is taking higher daily doses or more than was prescribed,
其他可增加服药过量风险的情况是，服用比规定剂量更高的药物，
buying drugs on the street, as well as certain medical conditions.
在街上购买药物，还有某些特定的医学状况。
A high dose of opioids can cause you to stop breathing completely.
高剂量的阿片类药物会使你完全停止呼吸。
In short, respiratory failure is where enough oxygen doesn't reach the heart, brain, or rest of the body.
简言之，呼吸衰竭是指，心脏，大脑和身体的其他部分得不到充足的氧气。
In an overdose, there is an excessive effect on the portion of the brain regulating respiratory rate, resulting in respiratory depression and eventually death.
服药过量会对调节呼吸速率部分的大脑区域产生过度影响，导致呼吸抑制和最终的死亡。
The typical symptoms seen in overdose are pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and a decreased level of consciousness."
服药过量的典型症状是瞳孔缩小、呼吸抑制和意识水平下降。”
While effects can vary, signs that a person is going through an overdose include a weak pulse and clammy skin.
虽然影响可能不同，但一个人服用过量的迹象包括脉搏微弱和皮肤潮湿。
They may also show bluish skin around the lips, small pupils, and experience low breathing.
他们的嘴唇周围可能会出现浅蓝色的皮肤，瞳孔很小，呼吸也很缓慢。
Opioid overdoses don't have to be deadly, and there are things that can be done to help save the life of someone experiencing an overdose.
阿片类药物不一定会致死，有一些措施可以帮助拯救经历药物过量的人的生命。
A big thing is to get air into the person's lungs.
重要的是让空气进入这个人的肺部。
If you know how to do it, you can perform artificial respiration ("rescue breathing") on the person until help arrives. There is a guide for how to administer artificial respiration in the description below.
如果你知道怎么做，你可以对这个人实施人工呼吸急救法（rescue breathing），直到救援来临。下面评论区有一个实施人工呼吸急救法的教程。
You may want to use a shield or a piece of cloth over your mouth.
你可能需要在你嘴上放一个防护物或一片布。
One can actually reverse overdose with a medicine called naloxone.
人实际上可以用纳洛酮从药物过量中恢复过来。
Between 1996 and 2014, a survey from the CDC reported that over 26,000 overdoses were reversed by everyday people equipped with naloxone kits.
据疾控中心的一个报告，1996年至2014年，超过26000例药物过量的普通人都借助纳洛酮急救包恢复了过来。
That's why it's important that more places and people have access to naloxone—because it can really save lives.
这就是为什么越来越多地方的人可以得到纳洛酮，因为它真的能救命。
But just what is naloxone? Naloxone is a type of medication that can safely reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.
但是纳洛酮是什么？纳洛酮是一类可以安全地逆转阿片类药物过量带来的影响。
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist—meaning that it binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids.
纳洛酮是一种阿片类拮抗剂，意思是它可以与阿片类受体结合，逆转和阻断其他阿片类药物的作用。
It can very quickly restore normal respiration to a person whose breathing has slowed or stopped
对于过量服用海洛因或处方阿片类止痛药而呼吸减慢或停止的人，
as a result of overdosing with heroin or prescription opioid pain medications.
它可以非常迅速地使他们恢复呼吸正常。
One of the effects it blocks is the depression of the central nervous system and respiratory system, allowing an overdose victim to breathe normally.
它的作用之一是阻断对中枢神经系统和呼吸系统的抑制，使过量的受害者能够正常呼吸。
While it only works on opioid overdoses, it is safe to use, causing no harm if opioids are not present.
它只对阿片类药物过量有作用，可以安全使用，如果没有阿片类药物的话，不会造成伤害。
Administering naloxone nasal spray is easy.
使用纳洛酮鼻腔喷雾剂很容易。
In fact, it was designed to be used at home without any medical training.
事实上，它就是用来让没有受过任何医疗训练的人在家里使用的。
The goal is to gently get a dose of naloxone into a person's nasal passageway while tilting their head back and supporting their neck.
做法就是在患者的鼻道内轻轻注射一剂纳洛酮，同时使患者的头部向后倾斜，支撑颈部。
It's best to continue rescue breathing while you wait for naloxone to take effect.
在等待纳洛酮生效前，最好就是一直做人工呼吸。
Make sure to stay with the person until help arrives.
确保在救援人员来之前一直和伤员待在一起。
Naloxone is also available in a liquid form that you can administer with an injection in a muscle or skin.
纳洛酮也可以以液体状注射到肌肉或皮下。
This is easy to do once someone has shown you how.
你看过人展示的话会发现这是很简单的。
The medicine can be injected quickly even through someone's pants or shirt.
这种药物可以快速注射，即使透过某人的裤子或衬衫。
Learn more about preventing overdose death and naloxone by checking out the links in the description.
点击描述区中的链接了解更多关于防止过量死亡和纳洛酮的知识。
We'll put a quick naloxone start guide, along with an overdose prevention resource from the CDC down below as well.
我们将提供一个快速的纳洛酮入门指南，以及来自疾控中心的预防药物过量方法。
So are there any other drugs you want us to talk about? Let me know in the comment section below.
你还有什么其他的药物要我们谈谈的吗？请在下面的评论区告诉我。
Thank you so much to Hollywood Health and Society who sponsored this video.
非常感谢好莱坞健康与社会组织赞助了这段视频。
To find out more about what they do and see how you can help their great causes, click the link in the description.
要了解更多关于他们所做的事情，并了解你如何帮助他们的伟大事业，请点击描述中的链接。
As always my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to Keep On Thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。别忘了继续思考！
