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Hi there, Psych2go fans, a quick thank you from us to you before we start.
各位观众，节目开始前，我们要先感谢大家。
We want to let you know how much we appreciate your continued support and thirst for knowledge,
我们想让大家知道我们非常感谢大家一直以来的支持和对知识的渴望，
so let's continue our brave march to learning about psychology.
所以让我们继续勇敢地学习心理学。
Fear. You felt fear. It's a dark night and you're watching a horror movie,
恐惧，大家都能感知到恐惧，在漆黑的夜晚，看着恐怖片，
you scream or jump a little when a scary scene comes up
恐怖场景出现时，你会尖叫或跳起来
or you're plunging down the big drop on a roller coaster and your palms are sweating while you yell from the thrill.
或者你坐过山车时，你的手心都在冒汗，因为兴奋而大喊大叫。
We are not talking about that kind of fear.
我们所要谈论的并不是这种恐惧。
Sometimes fears become excessive and irrational to the point where we can't function normally.
有时恐惧会变得过度和不理性，以至于我们无法正常工作。
The intense worry and avoidance caused by these fears can interrupt day-to-day living causing panic when that fear is encountered.
当出现这种恐惧时，由这些恐惧引起的强烈的担忧和逃避会干扰日常生活。
That's when the fear becomes a phobia. Phobias are classified into three types: social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobias.
这时的这种恐惧就成了恐惧症。恐惧症分为三种类型：社交恐惧症、广场恐惧症和特殊恐惧症。
Specific phobias are further grouped into five major categories: environment, situational, animal, blood/injection/injury and others.
特殊恐惧症有可以分成五大类：环境型、情景型、动物型、血液/注射/受伤型以及其他。
A 2017 study found that over 10 percent of adults in the United States alone struggle with phobias.
2017年的一项研究发现仅在美国就有超过10%的人患有恐惧症。
This makes phobias the most common psychiatric illness among women and second most common among men.
这使得恐惧症成为女性中最常见的精神疾病，男性中第二常见。
Curious if you have a particular phobia? Let's look at the 7 most common phobias.
如果你好奇自己是否患有某种恐惧症，以下是7种最常见的恐惧症。
1. Arachnophobia, the eight-legged nightmare.
1. 蜘蛛恐惧症，八条腿的噩梦。
Currently the most common phobia in the world is arachnophobia, which is the fear of spiders.
目前世界上最常见的恐惧症就是蜘蛛恐惧症，也就是害怕蜘蛛。
This phobia affects 3.5 to 6.1 percent of the global population, meaning around 300 to 400 million people are affected each year.
全球3.5到6.1%的人口受其影响，也就是每年大约3亿到4亿人。
Women are twice as likely to have arachnophobia when compared to men.
女性患蜘蛛恐惧症的几率是男性的两倍。
However, 55% of people may harbor some fear of spiders just not a full phobia.
但55%的人可能对蜘蛛怀有一些恐惧，只不过不是完全害怕它。
Researchers Ohman and Mineka believe that arachnophobia may be rooted in our evolution,
研究人员Ohman和Mineka认为蜘蛛恐惧症可能源于人类的进化，
allegedly our ancestors found their appearance frightening and viewed them as a threat of food and water contamination.
我们的祖先发现它们的外表很可怕，并将它们视为食物和水污染的威胁。
2. Ophidiophobia. Do you fear hissing? Because I fear hissing.
2. 恐蛇症。你害怕那些嘶嘶声么？我害怕。
Have you seen something out of the corner of your eye that's long and sinuous and frozen and fear?
你可曾见过角落里有什么东西，长长的弯曲着，冰冷而可怕。
Maybe you can't catch your breath and your heart hammers in your chest when a friend shows you their snake of the world book.
当朋友向你展示他们的《世界之蛇》一书时，也许你会屏住呼吸，心跳加速。
If so, you just might have ophidiophobia, the fear of snakes.
如果这样，你可能患有恐蛇症，害怕蛇。
A ophidiophobia is the second most widespread kind of specific phobia,
恐蛇症是第二最普遍的恐惧症，
with around one third of adult humans reporting to be suffering from it globally.
全球约有三分之一的成年人报告患该种恐惧症。
Similar to its siblings arachnophobia, the fear of snakes is believed to be rooted in the primitive drive to survive.
和蜘蛛恐惧症相似，对蛇的恐惧也被认为源于对生存的原始驱动。
As snakes are typically perceived as a vicious and dangerous creature,
蛇被认为是邪恶又危险的生物，
additionally personal experiences and cultural influences may also play a part.
此外，个人经历和文化影响也可能起作用。
As studies have shown that in places where snakes are less common, more cases of ophidiophobia were reported.
研究表明在不常见蛇的地方，报告的恐蛇症病例就越多。
It's no wonder snakes often take a starring role in various movie scare scenes and fear facing reality shows.
难怪蛇经常在各种电影恐怖场景和面对真人秀的恐惧中扮演主角。
3. Acrophobia. Glass elevator? No thanks. I'll stay on the first floor.
3. 恐高症。玻璃电梯？算了吧，我还是待在一楼吧。
Affecting more than 6% of people globally, the fear of heights is another common phobia many of us have.
全球超过60%的人都收恐高症影响，这也是另一种常见的恐惧症。
This phobia's official name is acrophobia. No, we're not prejudiced against acrobats or other high-flying performance professionals.
这种恐惧症的官方名称为恐高症。我们不歧视杂技演员或其他高空表演专业人员。
Intuitively, it makes plenty of sense why we've learned to be afraid of heights.
从直觉上讲，我们恐高是有道理的。
The research alleges that this phobia may be the result of an evolutionary adaptation like many things.
研究称这种恐惧症可能是进化适应的结果，就像许多事情一样。
This adaptation developed to help keep us from falling to our deaths.
这种进化而来的适应性帮助我们避免跌入死亡的深渊。
A little of this can be helpful to prevent us from taking unnecessary risks,
轻微的恐高可以帮助我们避免不必要的冒险，
however if it gets out of hand and escalates, it could lead to extreme daily difficulties.
但如果它失控并升级，就可能会导致极端的日常困难。
You might have a severe aversion to common structures such as bridges, towers,
你可能对桥、塔、陡峭的楼梯
steep staircases and other perceived high places for fear of triggering a panic attack.
和其他被认为高的地方有一种强烈的厌恶感，从而引发恐慌症。
So take a deep breath, grab a buddy, take it one small step at a time and let's look at the next phobia.
深呼吸、找一个伙伴、一步一步来，接下来下一个恐惧症。
