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Public opposition to Black Pete has been building since the 1970s.
自20世纪70年代以来，公众对黑皮特的反对声已经越来越大。
When Suriname won its independence in 1975,
1975年苏里南宣告独立时，
almost a third of the population moved to the Netherlands in order to keep their Dutch citizenship.
为了保住他们的荷兰国籍，该国有近三分之一的人口移居到荷兰。
A lot of those people were of African ancestry.
其中有很多人都有非洲血统。
And Demographic changes brought a change in the way people talked about Black Pete.
人口结构的变化改变了人们谈论黑皮特的方式。
Still, that didn’t stop the show from featuring Black Pete in every yearly St. Nicholas episode after that.
但这一变化并没有阻止黑皮特出现在该剧之后每年一度的圣诞节特集里。
Protest grew steadily, getting international attention in 2011,
抗议之声日渐响亮，2011年甚至引起了国际社会的关注，
when two protesters from an awareness campaign called Zwarte Piet is Racisme were violently arrested in the city of Dordrecht.
当时，“黑皮特是种族歧视”宣传活动的两名抗议者在多德莱希特市被警察粗暴地逮捕。
The Dutch National Ombudsman later ruled that the arrest was unlawful, disproportionately violent and in violation of their human rights.
后来，荷兰国家监察局裁定，此次逮捕不仅非法，过于暴力，也侵犯了二人的人权。
“If you have eyes and you have a little heart, you would know that this is wrong.”
“但凡有眼睛，有点儿良心的人都知道，他们这么做是不对的。”
That’s Jerry Afriyie, he was one of those two protesters arrested.
这位是杰瑞·阿夫里耶，他就是被捕的两名抗议者之一。
“What we are fighting is institutional racism approved by the government,
“我们反抗的是制度性的种族歧视，这种歧视得到了政府认可，
approved by the police, approved by professionals, approved by schools, everywhere.
得到了警察、专家、学校认可，它已经无处不在。
It’s so much embedded in the whole society that it makes it very difficult to bring changes to it,
它在整个社会已经根深蒂固，所以要改变它非常困难，
and everyone is using their power to suppress us, and it's very difficult.”
每个人都在用他的权力镇压我们，真的非常非常困难。”
Afriyie lost his job as a security guard after being arrested at a protest a few years ago, but he’s kept showing up to demonstrate.
几年前，阿夫里耶就已经在一次抗议活动中被捕过一次，还失去了保安的工作，但他并未因此止步。
Just a week after we spoke, he was violently assaulted by police again at a protest in the city of Rotterdam.
就在我们通话的一周后，在鹿特丹市的一次抗议活动中，他再次遭到了警察的暴力袭击。
In July 2014, Amsterdam’s regional court ruled that Black Pete was a “negative stereotype of black people”,
2014年7月，阿姆斯特丹地方法院裁定，黑皮特是“对黑人的负面成见”，
stating that the mayor had six weeks to remove Black Pete from city celebrations.
还规定，市长有六周的时间取消该市庆祝活动中的这一元素。
But just a few months later in November, the Netherlands’ highest administrative court overturned that ruling, just in time for the holiday.
然而，就在几个月后的11月，荷兰最高行政法院在圣诞节到来之前及时推翻了这一裁决。
But in August 2015, a UN committee in Geneva called on the Dutch government to get rid of the aspects of Black Pete that promote black stereotypes.
不过，2015年8月，日内瓦的一个联合国委员会也呼吁荷兰政府摒弃会助长对黑人的成见的黑皮特形象。
Since then, parade organizers have made some efforts to gradually minimize Black Pete’s racist characteristics.
从那时起，圣诞巡游的组织者们就开始逐渐淡化黑人皮特的种族主义特征。
"My job, being the spokesperson of Sinterklaas, is to make the party of Sinterklaas for everybody.
“作为圣诞老人的发言人，我的工作就是为所有人打造一个圣诞派对。
Not only the white people in the villages, but for everybody in cities and bigger cities."
不仅是农村的白人，也包括城市和大城市的每一个人。”
One of the ways they’ve done that is by introducing a version of Black Pete that is clearly just a person covered in soot — without the earrings, lipstick, or afro.
他们采取的办法之一就是引入一看就是抹了煤灰的新版本黑皮特——没有耳环、口红，也没有非洲人式的发型。
They call it the Chimney Pete.
他们还给他起了个名字：烟囱皮特。
RTL — one of the biggest TV networks in the region — stated in October that they wouldn’t air anything except for Chimney Pete for the 2016 holidays.
该地区最大的电视网络之一RTL曾在10月份表示，2016年圣诞节期间，他们不会播出任何节目，除了“烟囱皮特”。
“Bear in mind the objectives.
“记住我们的目标。
The objective is to have smiles on the faces of the children, to be happy.
我们的目标是让孩子们的脸上洋溢微笑，让他们快乐。
So if you want to change things, take the time, don’t do it overnight.
所以，想改变什么东西的话，就慢慢来，动作不要过猛。
If you want to change an attitude like that, it’s not going to go easy.”
想一下子改变人们的态度，不会容易的。”
And in an unexpected announcement, the team organizing the parade in Amsterdam said Chimney Petes would replace all Black Petes in 2016.
后来，阿姆斯特丹市负责组织巡游的团队发表了一份出人意料的声明，表示2016年圣诞节，所有黑皮特都将换成烟囱皮特。
But changing a tradition like this is slow and difficult.
问题是，要改变这样一种传统不仅会十分缓慢，也会十分困难。
Every move away from Black Pete has been met with resistance.
对黑皮特的任何改动都遭遇了阻力。
A Jamaican researcher on the UN panel was met with a flurry of racist emails after their statement was released.
上文提到的联合国委员会发表声明后，委员会一名牙买加研究员便收到了一连串的种族主义邮件。
A group in the northern Netherlands that was planning on dressing as multicolored Rainbow Piets had to cancel their plans after getting death threats.
荷兰北部的一个组织原计划在圣诞节装扮成五彩缤纷的彩虹色皮特，最终收到了死亡威胁，因而不得不取消计划。
And a Dutch contestant at the 2013 Eurovision music competition received racist messages and death threats after she spoke out against the custom.
2013年欧洲歌唱大赛的一名荷兰选手公开反对这一习俗后，最后收到了许多种族主义信息和死亡威胁。
“And how could you possibly make this such a big deal?
“事情怎么会闹到这个地步？
Because they have been trained this way in childhood.”
因为他们小时候接受的就是这种教育。”
People defend the tradition because it was important to their childhood, and they want to pass it on to their children.
人们之所以会捍卫传统，因为那个传统对童年的他们有着重要的意义，他们想将其传承给他们的孩子。
But understanding the impact this has on children could also be key to changing public opinion.
不过，了解这一点对儿童的影响或许就是改变民意的关键。
Just this year, the national children’s ombudsman released a report arguing
就在今年，国家儿童监察局发布了一份报告，
that the tradition violates children's rights regarding equal treatment and protection from discrimination.
声称这一传统侵犯了儿童接受平等待遇，免受歧视的权利。
“It has tormented a lot of black people, even children who start to hate their own skin color, you know,
“这个传统给很多黑人都带来了巨大的痛苦，连小孩也不例外，他们会开始讨厌自己的肤色，
who come home to their parents crying, and and saying stuff like ‘I don't want to be black,
回家后跟他们的爸爸妈妈哭诉，说什么‘我不想当黑人，
you know, they say it’s dirty, you know, people are calling me Zwarte Pete, that I'm dirty, my skin color,’ you know, it’s very confusing and dramatic.”
他们说黑人很脏，还叫我黑皮特，说我很脏，说我的肤色，’之类的话，真的让大家很头疼，也很吃惊。”
