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Milk, good old-fashioned milk in your cereal, in your coffee, in your glass. Calcium!
牛奶，传统的品质牛奶可以加到麦片里，咖啡里，杯子里。补钙!
But the best use for milk: dunking cookies.
但牛奶的的最佳用途其实是：泡曲奇。
I mean, who doesn't love a cookie dipped in milk? But why?
毕竟，谁不喜欢吃泡过牛奶的曲奇呢对吧？问题是大家为什么喜欢这么吃?
Turns out it's because science says so.
事实证明，是科学告诉我们应该这么吃的。
But before we get into it, let's take a quick look back in time.
不过，在我们开始讨论这个问题之前，让我们先快速地回顾一下牛奶的历史。
It's 10,000 BCE.
这是公元前1万年。
The agricultural revolution occurs, animals are domesticated, and animals are milked. Great!
农业革命发生了，人们开始驯化动物，开始从动物身上挤奶。很好!
A lot of time goes by. Hey, guess what? It's 1862.
很久之后。哈，你猜怎么着？到1862年了。
Louis Pasteur modernizes milk safety, the term pasteurize is born.
路易·巴斯德对牛奶安全进行了现代化处理，“巴氏杀菌”这个术语也由此诞生了。
Get it? Maybe no?! Who cares! Moving on. It's 1884!
明白了吗？也许没有吧！管它呢！继续。又到了1884年!
Milk is bottled up.
那时，人们已经开始用瓶子装牛奶了。
The milkman became a thing, yada, yada, yada. 1994, Got Milk? ads swept the nation. Everyone's got a milk mustache, great!
牛奶配送员出现了，呀哒，呀哒，呀哒。又到了1994年，“有牛奶吗?”的广告在全国各地风靡一时。每个人都有奶胡子，太棒了!
Now that's over.
回顾结束。
Why the H E double hockey sticks do we dunk our cookies into milk?
回到刚才的问题，我们特喵地到底为什么喜欢用牛奶泡饼干?
When you dip cookies into milk, you change a number of things about those cookies
用曲奇蘸过牛奶之后会改变曲奇的很多因素，
that completely alters your eating experience.
从而完全改变你的饮食体验。
By alters, Matt means, oh wait. Let me introduce you to Matt.
说到“改变”，马特的意思是，等等。我们还是先来介绍一下马特吧。
Hi, my name is Matt Hartings, and I am a Professor of Chemistry.
大家好，我是马特·哈廷斯，是一名化学教授。
And I teach a class on cooking chemistry Here at American University.
在美国大学教烹饪化学。
But back to it.
言归正传。
By alters, Matt means when you dip cookies into milk,
说到“改变”，马特的意思是，把曲奇蘸到牛奶里的时候，
not only does the texture and flavor change, but the chemical composition does as well,
不仅曲奇的质地和味道会改变，曲奇的化学成分也会改变，
which is what makes scientists go wild.
这就是科学家们发疯的原因。
Chemists are fascinated in how taste works and how all of the molecules that you're experiencing when you're eating food,
化学家们非常痴迷于研究味觉是如何工作的，人们吃东西的时候接触到的所有分子是如何工作的
how they all work together and lead to one thought in your brain.
那些分子又是如何共同作用，让我们的大脑对食物产生某种印象的等问题。
But how?
问题是，怎么去研究这些问题呢?
There are specific ways to measure food chemistry,
研究食物化学的具体方法有很多种，
things like an MS-Nose that tries to break down food aromas into their individual parts.
比如，有MS-Nose之类可以分解食物香味，
The MS-Nose is a tool that helps scientists understand how complex molecules come together to make flavor.
帮助科学家了解复杂分子是如何聚集在一起形成味道的工具。
So what does all this fancy technology tell us when you dunk that cookie?
那么，关于牛奶泡曲奇，所有这些奇妙的技术能告诉我们什么呢?
You add a creaminess to your cookie, and that makes your cookie taste completely different.
用牛奶泡曲奇能给曲奇增添一种柔滑的口感，从而彻底改变曲奇原来的味道。
We will dampen some of the flavors that are naturally sharp in a chocolate chip cookie.
巧克力曲奇里原本比较强烈的一些味道也能因此被冲淡。
It will soak up liquids.
曲奇还会吸收液体。
So we can universally agree, dunking chocolate chip cookies into milk is the best thing ever?
那我们是不是可以一致同意巧克力曲奇泡牛奶是天底下最赞的美味了?
Speaking to my own experience, I am not a big dipper.
以我个人的经验，我并不是很迷这种吃法。
Wait, what?
等等，你说什么?
I take a bite of my cookie and then have a drink of milk.
我会咬一口曲奇喝一口牛奶。
You just had to be different, didn't you?! Still sounds delicious to me.
非要标新立异是吧？！不过听起来好像挺好吃的样子喔。
