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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin.
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想。
If you've flown on an airplane, you probably remember the safety briefing before takeoff. This might make flying seem kind of scary, but put your fears aside.
如果你坐过飞机，你可能还记得起飞前的安全演示。听到这个你可能会觉得飞行有点吓人，但是先不要怕。
You're actually pretty safe up there. There are less than two accidents for every MILLION commercial flights. And even if you happen to be in one, you'll probably survive.
你很安全。商业航班每百万次飞行中，发生的事故不到两起。即使你碰巧在其中，你也可能存活下来。
Of the over 40 million passenger and cargo flights in 2016, only 10 had deadly accidents.
2016年客货航班有4000多万，只有10个航班发生了致命的事故。
In the United States, it's much more dangerous to be in a motor vehicle, where the odds of dying from an accident are 1 in 114.
在美国，驾驶机动车要危险得多，死于车祸的几率是114分之一。
Before a new aircraft ever leaves the ground, manufacturers put the model through tons of tests that look at things like extreme heat and cold, high winds, excess water, ice, and lightning strikes.
在一架新飞机起飞之前，制造商们对这种型号的产品进行了大量的测试，这些测试包括极端的高温和寒冷、大风、过量的水、冰和闪电。
They even launch dead birds into engines to make sure the plane will stay intact if it accidentally hits a flock. Yeah, that's pretty extreme.
他们甚至把死鸟发射到引擎上，以确保飞机在不小心撞到鸟群时能安然无恙。是的，那是很极端的情况了。
The rigorous testing also includes the wings. You may have seen airplane wings bending up and down during turbulence.
严格的测试还包括机翼。你可能见过飞机机翼在气流中上下弯曲。
And that's ok...in fact, they're made to do that! If the wings were completely rigid, they would break during rough air.
这是好事…事实上，飞机制造的时候就是这样的！如果翅膀完全不动，它们会在不稳定的气流中折断。
Instead, they bend a little to take the force. No, not that kind of force, different force.
相反，它们稍微弯曲一点可以更好地受力。不，不是那种力，不同的力。
The Federal Aviation Administration in the US requires that wings be able to handle at least 1.5 times the maximum load they would experience on a flight.
美国联邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration in The united states)要求，机翼的最大承载能力至少是飞行时的1.5倍。
Some can even bend close to 90 degrees without breaking! Just like the outside of the plane, the inside is built for safety.
有的甚至可以弯到90度而不折断！同飞机的外部一样，内部的制造过程中也十分重视安全。
Your seat might be uncomfortable, but it could also save your life. Each seat can take up to 16 gs of force.
你的座位可能不舒服，但它也可以挽救你的生命。每个座位可以承受16g的力。
It's also made of flame-retardant materials, as are the walls and carpets. Ever wonder why they dim the cabin lights for takeoff and landing at night?
它也是由防火材料制成的，墙壁和地毯也是如此。有没有想过为什么他们在晚上起飞和降落时要把机舱的灯光调暗？
It might help you fall asleep, but the real purpose is to keep your eyes used to the dark in case the power goes out or there's smoke.
那可能会帮助你入睡，但真正的目的是让你的眼睛习惯黑暗，以防停电或有烟雾。
And if smoke blocks the overhead lights, there are lights on the floor that will guide you to the exits. There's also a reason your seat has to be upright for takeoff and landing.
如果烟雾挡住了头顶的灯，地板上就会有灯光引导你走向出口。还有一个原因是你的座位起飞和降落时必须是直立的。
An upright seat locks into position and can handle more force, whereas a reclined seat can thrust forward, causing you injuries.
座位直立锁定在位置上，可以承受更多的力，而座位倾斜有可能会向前移动，从而导致人员受伤。
Plus, keeping your seat reclined is dangerous for the people behind you, who won't be able to get out quickly or brace themselves.
另外，座位倾斜对你身后的人来说可能很危险，因为他们不能快速地离开，甚至来不及做好准备。
And bracing for impact can mean the difference between surviving and not.
而能不能做好准备迎接冲击，可能有生死之别。
Although every accident is different, the best position for most people is to bend forward, seat belt fastened with your feet on the floor and your arms and head resting on the seat in front of you.
虽然每一场事故都是不同的，但对大多数人来说，最好的姿势就是弯腰，把安全带系好，脚放在地上，手臂和头部靠在前面的座位上。
This will keep your head from snapping forward into the next seat. It also might make a difference which seat you're sitting in.
这样可以防止你的头部受伤。座位不同，情况也可能会有所不同。
Two studies found that people sitting near the rear of the plane were a bit more likely to survive a deadly crash.
两项研究发现，坐在飞机尾部的人更有可能在致命事故中幸存下来。
But this isn't true in every case, and there's no place where you'll be completely safe.
但并不是所有的情况都是这样，没有哪个地方是完全安全的。
The best way to protect yourself is to listen to the crew and follow all safety instructions. So do you love to fly? Or are you a little scared?
保护自己的最好办法就是听从工作人员的建议，遵守所有的安全指令。你喜欢乘飞机吗？还是你依然有点害怕？
Do you have any scary flights stories you'd like to share in the comments? Let me know down below.
你有什么恐怖的飞行故事想在评论中分享吗？在下面告诉我。
So you're likely going to survive your next flight. Phew! But have you ever wondered if you could survive 2.5 million years ago?
所以你很可能在下次飞行中幸存下来。唷！但是你有没有想过你能否在250万年前存活下来?
Check out this video. During the peak periods where most of the water on Earth was ice, the global average temperatures were 5 to 10 degrees Celsius colder than they are today.
在那段时间地球上大部分水都是冰，全球平均温度比现在低5到10摄氏度。
This was a much cooler and drier Earth.
那时的地球更凉爽、更干燥。
My name is Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高。这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想！思考不要停！
