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Top 10 Poorest Countries in The World 2018 By GDP Per Capita
2018年按人均GDP排行的世界十大最贫穷国家
The richest countries have one thing in common,
最富有的国家有一个共同点，
a proper and well-established political environment supported
即由明确的立法、无贪腐的政府和强大的司法系统
by clear legislations, a corrupt-free government, and a strong judicial system.
营造的一个合适的固定政治环境。
While these factors are only a drop in the ocean regarding what makes a country economically successful,
虽然这些因素在国家经济成功的原因中只是沧海一粟，
the poorest countries in the world get these factors all wrong.
但是世界上最贫穷的国家把它们都搞错了。
While the availability of natural resources is the foundation of an economically robust country,
虽然自然资源的可得性是一个国家经济蓬勃发展的基础，
utilising the resources well is a whole other aspect.
但资源的有效利用是另一回事。
This is not civic education 101, so we will get straight to the point and list the countries yet to realise self-actualisation.
这并不是公民教育，所以我们将直接列出那些尚未完成自我实现的国家。
Here are the top 10 poorest countries in the world as of 2018.
以下是2018年全球最贫穷的10个国家。
Ten: Madagascar, 1477 dollars
马达加斯加，人均GDP1477美元
Madagascar's economy is largely founded on their huge agricultural potential.
马达加斯加的经济主要建立在巨大的农业潜力上。
Madagascar has performed relatively well in limiting its trade barriers so that they can protect their agricultural base.
该国在限制贸易壁垒以保护其农业基础方面做得比较好。
Over the years poor economic reforms and political instability have negatively affected the economy.
多年来，糟糕的经济改革和不稳定的政治对其经济产生了负面影响。
There has been uneven growth in various sectors of the economy and this has hindered their growth.
经济各领域的不均衡发展也制约了经济。
Large spread poverty and corruption has hindered growth in the private sector
大规模的贫困和腐败阻碍了私营部门的发展，
due to lack of enough funds for the common people to do business.
因为没有足够的资金供老百姓做生意。
Nine: Guinea,1388 dollars
几内亚，人均GDP1388美元
Since independence Guinea has made little progress economically.
自独立以来，几内亚在经济上几乎没有取得进展。
This has been attributed to poor structural reform of the economy.
这是由经济结构改革不力造成的。
This has led to uneven economic development. This is evident in the private sector.
它导致了经济发展的不平衡，在私营部门可见一斑。
This dynamic sector has stagnant growth mainly because of the very weak government institutions.
这个充满活力的部门增长停滞，主要是因为政府机构非常薄弱。
Furthermore, their judicial system has bowed down to political interference
此外，该国的司法系统已经屈服于政治干涉，
and it has been poor in dealing with corruption.
而且它在处理腐败问题方面表现糟糕。
Guinea is rich in minerals such as bauxite, iron, diamond and gold
几内亚富含铝土矿、铁、钻石和黄金等矿物质
but due to major civil strife they haven't been able to fully tap the potential of their mining industry.
但由于内乱，他们未能充分挖掘矿业的潜力。
Guinea's external debt level is over 1.358 billion dollars.
几内亚的外债水平超过13.58亿美元。
Eight: Eritrea, 1210 dollars
厄立特里亚国，人均GDP1210美元
Eritrea's economy is one of the most stagnant economies in growth.
厄立特里亚的经济体是增长最停滞的经济体之一。
The sector has been hugely underdeveloped.
该部门一直非常不发达。
The judicial system is very weak in dealing with corruption
该国的司法体系在处理腐败问题上非常弱势，
and their rulers have been poor in developing and bringing major economic reforms.
而且他们的统治者在发展和重大经济改革方面表现不佳。
This has led to major emigration since 1998 and this has affected their labour base.
这导致1998年以来移民大量流出，并影响到了他们的劳动基础。
The public sector is still the major source of employment because the private sector has defoliated significantly.
该国的公共部门仍是其主要的就业来源，因为私营部门已大大减少了。
Severe drought in the region has hindered significant agricultural growth in the country.
地区的严重干旱阻碍了该国农业的显著增长。
Poor economic laws such as state ownership of land only will continue to distort the economy.
糟糕的经济法律，比如国家对土地拥有所有权，只会继续扭曲经济。
Seven: Mozambique, 1208 dollars
莫桑比克，人均GDP1208美元
Mozambique has made major reforms so as to improve its current economic status
莫桑比克进行了重大改革，以改善其目前的经济地位，
but huge unsustainable public debt and rampant inflation have hindered these reforms.
但是不可持续的巨大公共债务和蔓延的通货膨胀阻碍了这些改革。
In 2016 they had the slowest economic growth since their independence.
它2016年的经济增长速度是自独立以来最慢的。
They are currently unable to pay external debts under the agreed timelines.
他们目前无法按照商定的时间表偿还外债。
But economist project that in the coming years their situation will improve
但经济学家预测，在未来几年，他们的处境将会改善，
because of better prices and a greater demand for gas and coal products.
因为天然气和煤炭产品的需求将增大，价格更高。
The private sector has gained huge progress since independence
自独立以来，该国的私营部门取得了巨大的进步，
and better government reforms will see an increase in Foreign Direct Investments.
更好的政府改革将会增加外国直接投资。
Six: Niger, 1069 dollars
尼日尔，人均GDP1069美元
Niger is a best case example of countries that are mineral rich but have poor economic growth.
尼日尔是矿产资源丰富但经济增长缓慢的国家的最好例子。
Niger has vast reservoirs of uranium and oil but unstable global prices have severely crippled the economy.
它拥有巨大的铀和石油储备，但不稳定的全球价格严重削弱了该国的经济。
Lack of a diverse economy has hindered Niger's growth.
多样性经济的缺乏阻碍了尼日尔的经济增长。
A poor judicial system and poor reforms have led to widespread corruption.
糟糕的司法体系和改革导致了腐败泛滥。
Poor economic policies and institutions have failed to provide an adequate base to nurture a broad-based private sector.
不良的经济政策和制度未能为培育基础广泛的私营部门提供足够的基础
Niger also faces a poorly developed labor market which is mostly concentrated in the informal sector.
尼日尔还面临着劳动力市场不发达的问题，后者主要集中在非正规部门。
