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Imagine if your daily commute involved tens of kilometers on these kinds of roads,
想象一下，你每天要通勤数十公里路，且走的是这种路，
driving this kind of vehicle, without any nearby service stations or breakdown assistance.
开的是这种车，附近没有任何服务站或是修理协助。
For millions of drivers in many parts of Africa, this is the norm.
对非洲许多地方的数百万驾驶人而言，这很正常。
Since over 90 percent of passenger cars are imported, often used, they're just not designed for local usage.
因为超过90%的客车都是进口的，通常是二手的，它们本来就不是为了当地的用途而设计。
High import duties often compound the problem, sometimes doubling the price of a car.
高进口税通常会让问题更恶化，有时候会让车价到达两倍。
So most vehicles are either too expensive or too unreliable for the average consumer.
所以，对一般消费者来说，大部分汽车不是太贵就是太不可靠。
Well-designed vehicles are only part of the transport challenge, though.
不过，设计良好的车子只是交通挑战的一部分而已。
For every 100 adults in Africa, less than five people actually own a vehicle.
在非洲，每一百名成人中，不到五个人真正拥有一台车。
Public transport is available, and in countries like Kenya, it's often run by local entrepreneurs using minivans like this.
有公共运输可以用，在肯尼亚这类国家，通常是由当地的企业家经营的，用像这样的小卡车。
But in most rural and peri-urban areas, it's fragmented and unreliable.
但在大部分的农村和城市外围地区，公共运输是不相连且不可靠的。
In more remote areas without transport, people have to walk, typically tens of kilometers,
在更偏远没有交通工具的地区，人们得要步行，通常一走就是数十公里，
to get to school or collect clean drinking water or buy supplies from nearby markets.
才能到达学校或是取得干净饮用水，或是到附近的市场买日用品。
Bad roads, disparate communities, low average income levels and inadequate vehicles
糟糕的道路、完全不同的小区、低平均收入水平以及不适合的车，
all impair the transport system and ultimately constrain economic output.
都会损害交通系统，最终则会限制经济输出。
Despite this constraint, the Pan-African economy is booming.
尽管有这种限制，泛非洲的经济还是在兴盛中。
Combined GDP is already over two trillion dollars.
加起来的GDP已超过两兆美元。
This is a massive commercial and social opportunity, not a helpless continent.
这是非常大的商业和社会机会，而不是一块无助的大陆。
So why isn't there already something better?
所以为什么还没有更好的东西出现？
Around the world, automotive is quarter the manufacturing sector.
在全世界，汽车就占了制造部门的四分之一。
But in Africa, it's generally been overlooked by carmakers,
但在非洲，汽车制造商通常都忽略了这一点，
who are focused on larger, established markets and emerging economies like India and China.
他们把焦点放在已建立的更大市场及新兴的经济体上，如印度和中国。
This lack of industrialization, which itself creates a vicious-cycle barrier to the emergence of industry,
缺乏工业化的现象本身就造成了恶性循环，阻碍了新兴工业，
has caused the dependence on imports.
导致对于进口产生依赖。
There is a supply-demand disconnect, with the vast majority of automotive spending on the continent today,
供应和需求之间的连结断了，现今在这块大陆上绝大部分的汽车花费
essentially funding an international network of car exporters instead of fueling the growth of local industry.
基本上都用来资助汽车外销商的国际网络，而不是刺激当地工业的成长。
It's entirely possible to solve this disconnect, though, starting with products that people actually want.
不过，要解决这个连结断掉的问题，绝对是可能的，这要从人们真正想要的产品开始。
And this is what motivated me to start Mobius, to build a vehicle in Africa, for Africa.
这就是我创始Mobius的动机，为了要在非洲、为非洲制造汽车。
To us, this meant reimagining the car around the needs of the consumer,
对我们而言，这意味着要根据消费者需求来重新想象汽车，
simplifying nonessential features like interior fixtures and investing in performance-critical systems like suspension
把不必要的特色简化，比如内部配件，把钱投资在对效能有重要影响的系统，如悬吊系统，
to create durable and affordable vehicles built for purpose.
来创造耐用又能负担的车，有目的而打造的车。
And built for purpose is exactly where we started with our first-generation model, Mobius II,
有目的而打造，正是我们制造第一代模型Mobius II的起始点，
which was designed as a really rugged, low-cost SUV, able to handle heavy loads and rough terrain reliably.
它被设计成极坚固耐用且低成本的运动型休旅车，载重很重，在崎岖地形上行驶也很可靠。
This launched in 2015, and we've now developed the next-generation version based on customer feedback.
这台车在2015年推出，我们现在已经依客户回馈意见来调整，开发了下一代的版本。
For high stress and heavy loading, we engineered a sturdy steel space frame.
针对高应力以及重负载，我们设计了坚固的钢空间结构。
To handle acute vibration from rough roads, we ruggedized the suspension.
为了处理崎岖道路造成的剧烈振动，我们让悬吊系统更坚固耐用。
For potholes and uneven terrain, high ground clearance was a no-brainer.
针对坑洞和不平坦的地形，不用想也知道要增加离地高度。
And to make this something customers could actually be proud to drive in, we designed an aspirational body aesthetic.
为了要让顾客很骄傲能坐在这台车里面，我们设计了梦寐以求的车体美学。
Underpinning all of this, we simplified or eliminated components like parking sensors and automatic windows wherever we could,
这背后的基础原理是，我们把组件给简化或是除去，比如停车传感器以及自动窗，
to keep costs low and sell this at half the price of a five-year-old SUV in Kenya today.
我们尽一切可能把成本压低，让这台车的售价是肯尼亚现今五年车龄休旅车售价的一半。
The new -- The new Mobius II launches in 2018.
新的...新的Mobius II会在2018年推出。
And while durable, affordable vehicles like this are vital, a broader solution to immobility needs to go further.
虽然像这样子耐用且可负担的车是很重要的，但针对低行动力的解决方案还需要再进一步。
Over the last decade, a transport-centric, shared economy
在过去十年，以交通为中心的共享经济，
has connected people across Africa with minivans, auto rickshaws and sedans.
将非洲各地的人用小卡车、自动三轮车、轿车给连结在一起。
It's just not operated very effectively or efficiently.
只是在运作上并非很有效益或效率。
Enabling better access to transport is all about strengthening this public transit network,
要让交通更容易使用，重点在于强化公共运输网络，
empowering local entrepreneurs who already offer similar services in their communities
授权给已经在自己的小区内提供类似服务的当地企业家，
to operate these services more profitably and more widely.
能用更能获利且更广范围的方式经营这些服务。
With this aim, we're taking human-centered design a step further and developing a transport platform model,
为此目标，我们让以人为中心的设计再上一层楼，开发了一个运输平台模型，
which enables owners to plug in different modules, like a goods cage or ambulance unit,
它让车主能够选用不同的模块，比如货物笼或救护车套件，
and run other services like goods delivery or medical transport, as well as public transport.
就可以经营其他服务，比如送货或医疗运输，还有公共运输。
Transportation services like this are the fundamental driver of logistics,
像这样子的交通服务是基本的驱动因子，推动着物流、
trade, social services, access to education, health care and employment.
贸易、社会服务、教育机会、健康照护及就业。
The transportation grid to physical economies is akin to the internet to virtual economies.
实体经济的交通网就类似虚拟经济的因特网。
And the impact of increased mobility is only part of the potential here.
行动力增加的影响，只是潜力的一部分而已。
Since the late 1700s, the Industrial Revolution has catapulted the development of economies around the world into thriving societies.
从十八世纪后期开始，工业革命让全世界的经济发展起飞，成为兴旺的社会。
Today, manufacturing is still the engine of economic growth and stability,
现今，制造仍然是经济成长和稳定背后的引擎，
even as new technologies have inevitably transformed the way we live.
即使新科技已经无可避免地转变了我们的生活方式。
Making stuff is important, especially for nation-states wanting to boost employment, increase skills and reduce import dependence.
做东西是很重要的，对于想要推动就业、增加技能、减少对进口依赖的国家而言更是如此。
But while few countries can skip this industrialized stage, many have negligible manufacturing output.
虽然少数国家可以跳过这个工业化阶段，许多国家的制造输出是微乎其微。
There are various reasons for this, but one reason is universal: hardware is hard.
这背后的原因很多，但有一个原因是普遍的：硬件很难搞。
So what are the challenges to industry, and how are we approaching them?
所以，工业面对的挑战是什么？我们要如何对付它们？
The first issue many people think of is a lack of skilled labor.
人们会先想到的议题是缺乏有技能的劳工。
In areas where access to good primary and secondary education are limited and employment opportunities are scarce,
能有机会接受初等教育和中等教育的地区有限，就业机会很稀少，
a small skill base is inevitable. But that doesn't mean it's immutable.
有技能的人很少是必然的。但不表示这点无法改变。
There's an abundance of smart, hardworking and ambitious people in Africa, obviously.
在非洲有很多聪明、努力、有野心的人，很显而易见。
What's really lacking are good jobs that offer a path not just to employment but also professional growth.
真正缺乏的是好工作，不只是就业机会，还能提供专业成长的工作。
The first person we employed at Mobius over six years ago was a mechanic named Kazungu.
至少六年前，我们在Mobius雇用的第一个人是一位机械工，名叫卡宗古。
Kazungu had gone to school up to the age of 18 and worked as an odd-job mechanic.
卡宗古在学校念书念到十八岁，在做打零工的机械工。
Joining the company at the time was a near-vertical learning curve.
那时，加入我们公司，是条接近垂直的学习曲线。
But he rose to the challenge, and with more technical guidance from an expanding engineering team,
但他成功面对挑战，有着不断扩大的工程团队给他更多技术指导，
he's grown over the years to lead a group of mechanics in R&D prototyping.
这些年来，他成长到能领导一群机械工做研发的样机开发。
A thirst for learning and the work ethic to step up to a challenge are values we now recruit on.
对于学习的渴望以及面对挑战的职业道德是我们征才时重视的特质。
Pairing innate values like this with on-the-job training and systems has strengthened our skill base.
把像这样的固有价值，搭配在职训练和系统，就能强化我们的技能基础。
This works really well on the production line,
这在生产线上很成功，
where work can be systematized around clear procedural instructions and then reinforced through training.
工作可以被系统化，成为清楚的程序步骤指示，接着透过教育训练来强化。
In our experience, it is possible to build a skilled workforce, and we plan to hire hundreds more people using this approach.
根据我们的经验，建立有技能的劳动力是有可能的，我们打算用这个方法再雇用数百人。
A second challenge is a lack of suppliers.
第二项挑战是缺乏供货商。
In countries like Kenya, there are only a handful of automotive suppliers manufacturing parts like electrical harnesses, seats and glass.
像肯尼亚这种国家，只有少数的汽车供货商会制造像是电线、座椅、玻璃等零件。
It's a burgeoning group, and without much demand from industry, most of these suppliers have no impetus to grow.
它还在发展中，且来自工业的需求并不大，这些供货商大多没有动力想要成长。
We've worked hard with a few of them to develop the capacity to consistently manufacture components at the quality levels we need,
我们很努力和其中几家合作来开发生产力，能够稳定地制造组件，保持我们要求的质量水平，
like this supplier in Nairobi, who are helping to reduce the production cost of metal brackets
像这家在内罗毕的供货商，他们协助降低金属托架的生产成本，
and improve their ability to build conformant parts to our engineering drawings.
并改善他们的能力，根据我们的工程草图来建立更舒适的零件。
Supply and development is standard practice in automotive globally,
在全球，供应和发展都是汽车业的标准做法，
but it needs to be applied from the ground up with a vast majority of local suppliers to properly bolster the ecosystem.
但它需要自底向上，要有大量的当地供货商，才能妥善支撑这个生态系统。
And as production volumes rise, these suppliers can employ more staff,
随着生产量增加，这些供货商就能雇用更多员工，
invest in better equipment and continue to develop new manufacturing techniques to further increase output.
投资更好的设备，并持续开发新的制造技术，让输出能进一步提升。
Building up skills and suppliers are not the only hurdles to local industrialization,
建立技能以及供货商并非当地工业化的唯一阻碍，
but they're good examples of how we think about the challenge.
但它们是很好的来说明我们如何看待挑战的例子。
You see, we're not just reimagining the car, we're reimagining our entire value chain.
我们并不只是在重新思考车子，我们是在重新思考整个价值链。
None of this has been easy, and we're only just getting started.
这一切都不容易，并且我们才刚开始。
But once African industry starts to scale, the potential is huge.
但一旦非洲工业开始有规模，潜力就非常大。
Better products, costing less, built locally, together creating millions of jobs.
更好的产品，成本更低，当地打造，加在一起能创造出百万个工作机会。
Frugal innovation offers a path to economic acceleration across many industries, and the future of this continent depends on it.
节俭式创新为经济增长提供了一条路，横跨许多产业，这块大陆的未来要仰赖它。
The Africa 2.0 I believe in can apply locally relevant design
我所相信的非洲2.0，能够应用对当地有重大意义的设计，
and a commitment to solving its industrial challenges to create a more connected, more prosperous future,
并承诺解决它的工业挑战，以创造出更紧密连结、更繁荣的未来，
not just for the privileged few, but for everyone. Thank you.
不只是为了少数有特权的人，而是为了每个人。谢谢。
