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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin.
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想。
You're watching a friend hang a picture on the wall of your house. She swings the hammer. Her hand slips, and she smashes her thumb. Ouch.
你看着一个朋友在往你房子的墙上挂一幅画。她挥动锤子，手滑了，砸到了拇指。哎哟。
You rush to her side to make sure she's okay, not just because you don't want her to sue you, but because she's your friend and a fellow human.
你冲到她身边看她有没有事，不仅因为你不想让她告你，还因为她是你的朋友，是和你一样的人类。
You can imagine what she's going through. What's happening in your brain is a complex process that we've evolved to help us survive as a species.
你可以想象她正在经历什么。你的大脑里发生了一个复杂的过程，进化中出现的这个过程帮助我们生存下来成为一个物种。
It's called empathy, and it's 'the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing.'
这叫做移情，是一种理解或感受他人感受的能力。
It's different from sympathy in that you're putting yourself in someone else's place and understanding what they're going through, not just feeling sorry for them.
这与同情不同，你把自己放在别人的位置，理解他们的经历，而不仅仅是为他们感到难过。
While empathy can be seen in other species--dogs and primates come to mind--it's actually rare in the animal kingdom. So how did you lucky humans develop it?
虽然在其他物种中也能看到同理心——你会想到狗和灵长类动物——但在动物王国中这种情况确实很少见。那么，幸运的你们是如何拥有这种能力的呢？
Well, humans gained empathy in three steps. First, humans began pair bonding with our mates as a way of raising our young.
人类通过三个步骤获得了同理心。首先，人类开始与配偶建立配偶关系，以此作为抚养后代的一种方式。
The need to cooperate with another person to keep babies alive encouraged our brains to grow.
需要与另一个人合作来养活婴儿，这鼓励了我们的大脑发育。
Second, humans started living in communities. Having to regularly deal with other people made us smarter.
第二，人类开始集体生活。经常和别人打交道使我们变得更聪明。
If you've ever had roommates who refused to pick up after themselves on occasion, then you know how important it is to be alive together in peace throw out the garbage once in a while!
如果你的室友偶尔不收拾自己的东西，那么你就会知道，与人和平相处是多么的重要，偶尔也把垃圾扔一下！
Third, human tribes had to cooperate to survive in harsh environments, where food was really scarce.
第三，在恶劣的环境下，食物非常稀缺，人类部落必须合作才能生存。
Here, we learned the importance of putting the good of all over our own desires. Essentially, relationships are the core of why we evolved the way we did.
在这里，我们认识到把整体利益置于自己的欲望之上，是多么重要。本质上，人际关系是我们采取这种进化方式的核心原因。
Everybody reach out and hug somebody. I mean, someone you know, if they're cool with it. Don't hug strangers.
每个人都伸出手去拥抱某人。我是说，你认识的人，如果他们能接受的话。不要拥抱陌生人。
Studies have shown that people seeing images of others in pain experience activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, areas of the brain that process pain.
研究表明，人们看到别人的痛苦，自己的前扣带皮层和前脑岛也会有活动，这是大脑中处理疼痛的区域。
When you tell your friend, "I feel your pain," you're not just being cliche. You kinda do. And that's amazing.
当你告诉朋友“我知道你的痛苦”时，这不仅仅是陈词滥调。你是真的知道。真是不可思议。
Human beings are still naturally self-centered, however. We project our life experiences and emotional states onto others.
然而，人类仍然是以自我为中心的。我们会将自己的生活经历和情绪状态投射到他人身上。
To compensate for that, another part of our brain, the right supramarginal gyrus, separates our emotions from those we see in others.
为了弥补这一点，我们大脑的另一部分，右侧缘上回，将我们的情感与我们在别人身上看到的情感区分开来。
It keeps us from going full Johnny Bravo on people and helps us understand what they're going through, even if it's different from our own experience.
它能让我们不去强求别人，帮助我们理解他们的经历，即使这和我们自己的经历不同。
Knowing this about human development, it seems obvious that empathy is part of our nature, and not just something we learn.
了解人类的发展，同理心是我们天性的一部分，而不是我们学到的东西。
But that's not the whole story. We're born with the basics of empathy, but it takes work to make us empathy pros.
但不仅如此。我们生来就具备同理心的基础，但要成为同理心的人，需要付出努力。
See, children need to be empathized with in order to fully experience empathy themselves. If your caretakers empathize with you, you're more likely to be an empathetic person.
你看，孩子们需要别人的同理心，以亲身充分体验同理心。如果照顾你的人对你有同理心，你更有可能是一个善解人意的人。
On the other hand, you can be taught not to empathize, or to be born with a disconnect in the empathetic centers of the brain.
另一方面，你也可以被教导对他人不要有同理心，或者生来大脑里的移情中心就有断开的地方。
Some researchers believe that those who lack empathy due to, say, a difficult childhood suffer from sociopathy.
一些研究人员认为，那些由于童年不幸等情况缺乏同理心的人，会患上社会病。
And those who are born with an inability to empathize suffer from psychopathy.
而那些天生就没有同理心的人会患上精神病。
Words like "sociopath" and "psychopath" get thrown around casually, so it's important to know these are real conditions that people deal with, even if it's only a small percentage of the population.
像“反社会者”和“精神病患者”这样的词可以被抛开了，所以很重要的一点是，知道这些是人们正在面对的真实情况，虽然只有一小部分人面对这些问题。
Are you an empathetic person? What other mental processes that we take for granted do you want to see us cover?
你是一个善解人意的人吗？你还想看我们讲解其他司空见惯的心理过程吗？
And have you ever wondered if humans are naturally born good or bad? Check out this episode.
你有没有想过人类天生是好是坏？看看这个视频。
Think of it like this. Humans are like sprouts of a plant. The more you water them or do good acts, the more they will blossom into virtuous flowers.
要这样想。人就像植物的芽。你给他们浇的水越多，做得越好，他们就越能开花。
I mean take a look at that flower and tell me that isn't the most moralistic thing you've ever seen.
我是说，看看那朵花，告诉我那不是你见过的最高尚的东西。
As always, I'm Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高。这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
