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Then something happened that transformed the conflict.
接着，改变冲突格局的事情发生了
In 1967, Israel and the neighboring Arab states fought another war.
1967年，以色列与周边的阿拉伯国家拉开了另一场战争
When it ended, Israel had seized the Golan Heights from Syria,
战争结束时，以色列抢走了叙利亚的戈兰高地、
the West Bank from Jordan, and both Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.
约旦的西岸以及埃及的加沙和西奈半岛
Israel was now occupying the Palestinian territories, including all of Jerusalem and its holy sites.
以色列现在占据了包括整个耶路撒冷及其圣地在内的巴勒斯坦地区
This left Israel responsible for governing the Palestinians – a people it had fought for decades.
现在，轮到以色列人统治巴勒斯坦人了——这些人可是他们几十年的老对手
In 1978 Israel and Egypt signed the US-brokered Camp David Accords
在美国的斡旋下，1978年，以色列和埃及签订了《戴维营协议》
and shortly after that, Israel gave Sinai back to Egypt as part of a peace treaty.
不久，以色列就按和平协定归还了西奈半岛
At the time this was hugely controversial in the Arab world.
然而，这一举措在当时的阿拉伯世界备受争议
Egypt President Anwar Sadat was assassinated in part because of outrage against it.
民众怒不可遏，埃及总统Anwar Sadat被暗杀一事就与此有关
But it marked the beginning of the end of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict.
但这一举措仍象征着广泛意义上的阿以冲突开始走向终结
Over the next few decades, the other Arab states gradually made peace with Israel,
在接下来的几十年里，阿拉伯世界其他国家也逐渐开始和以色列和解
even if they never signed formal peace treaties.
尽管他们并未签订正式的和平条约
But Israel's military was still occupying the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza,
然而，以色列的军队仍旧把持着巴勒斯坦的西岸地区和加沙地区
and this was when the conflict became an Israeli-Palestinian struggle.
这就让这一冲突变成了以色列和巴基斯坦之间的纠纷
The Palestinian Liberation Organization, which had formed in the 1960s to seek a Palestinian state,
为了成立巴基斯坦国，二十世纪六十年代成立的巴勒斯坦解放组织
fought against Israel, including through acts of terrorism.
仍在以恐怖袭击等方式与以色列斗争
Initially, the PLO claimed all of what had been British Palestine,
起初，巴解企图占领过去的整个英属巴勒斯坦托管地
meaning it wanted to end the state of Israel entirely.
可见，它想彻底推翻以色列这一国家
Fighting between Israel and the PLO went on for years,
以色列和巴解之间的斗争持续了一年又一年
even including a 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon to kick the group out of Beirut.
为此，1982年以色列还入侵了黎巴嫩，企图将巴解组织逐出贝鲁特
Israel's wish to cease fire in Southern Lebanon was shattered today by the sound of guns, bombs, and planes,
以色列企图在黎巴嫩南部停火，然而，今天的枪声、炸弹声和飞机的轰鸣声摧毁了这一愿望
The PLO later said it would accept dividing the land between Israel and Palestine,
后来，巴解声称，他们愿意接受将托管地分成以色列和巴基斯坦两个国家
but the conflict continued.
但冲突仍在继续
As all of this was happening,
就在这时
something dramatic was changing in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories: Israelis were moving in.
以色列控制的巴勒斯坦境内正发生着翻天覆地的变化：以色列人纷纷涌入该地区
These people are called settlers,
这些人被视为居民
and they made their homes in the West Bank and Gaza whether Palestinians wanted them or not.
不管巴勒斯坦人喜不喜欢，他们都在约旦河西岸和加沙地区住了下来
Some moved for religious reasons, some because they want to claim the land for Israel,
一些人是为了宗教信仰，一些人为了占有以色列
and some just because housing is cheap —and often subsidized by the Israeli government.
还有一些人则单纯为了于房价便宜——以色列政府还会经常发补贴
Some settlements are cities with thousands of people;
他们定居的有些地方是有着成千上万人口的城市
others are small communities deep into the West Bank
其他地方则是深入西岸地区的小社区
If you always felt a deep unity for Jerusalem.
如果你一直觉得要与耶路撒冷同在
Now it's a once in a lifetime opportunity.
现在，千载难逢的机会来了
not only to stand within it's gates, but also to build the holy dreams there.
我们不仅能够越过这些大门，还能在这里实现神圣的梦想
The settlers are followed by soldiers to guard them,
这些居民都有士兵跟随保卫
and the growing settlements force Palestinians off of their land and divide communities.
随着越来越多的以色列人定居，巴勒斯坦人就不得不撤离他们的土地分散居住
Short-term, they make the occupation much more painful for Palestinians.
短期来看，以色列人的定居让巴勒斯坦人的日子更加艰难
Long-term, by dividing up Palestinian land,
长期来看，通过分割巴勒斯坦的土地
they make it much more difficult for the Palestinians to ever have an independent state.
以色列人让巴勒斯坦人拥有独立国家的梦想越来越渺茫
Today there are several hundred thousand settlers in occupied territory
今天，以色列控制的巴勒斯坦地区仍有数十万巴勒斯坦人
even though the international community considers them illegal.
尽管国际社会认为这些人都是非法居民
By the late 1980s, Palestinian frustration exploded into the Intifada, which is the the Arabic word for uprising.
到了二十世纪八十年代晚期，被压抑的巴勒斯坦爆发了所谓的“Intifada”，也就是阿拉伯语里的“起义”
It began with mostly protests and boycotts, but soon became violent, and Israel responded with heavy force.
起初还基本上只是抗议和罢工的起义很快就变得更加激烈，为此以色列人展开了大力镇压
A couple hundred Israelis and over a thousand Palestinians died in the first Intifada.
在第一次起义中就有数百名以色列人以及上千名巴勒斯坦人丧生
Around the same time, a group of Palestinians in Gaza,
就在此时，加沙地区的一群巴勒斯坦人
who consider the PLO too secular and too compromise-minded, created Hamas,
他们认为巴解太世俗太软弱，成立“哈玛斯集团”
a violent extremist group dedicated to Israel's destruction.
一个旨在摧毁以色列的暴力极端组织
