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My name’s Charlie and my question is – I love your work. My name’s Charlie and my
我叫查理，我的问题是 - 我喜欢您的节目。我的名字是查理
question today is associated with you as a scientist and how you’ve evolved over time
我今天的问题是，与您这位科学家有关，您在
to deal with scientists on any ethics and moral decision with science. So science can
处理科学家处理科学与道德之间的决策时是怎样的观点。
tell you how to the Tyrannosaurus Rex, humanities can tell you why this might be.
科学会告诉您如何复活霸王龙，但人文会告诉您这样做是不对的。
So my question today is whether or not you prefer to deal with the morals and ethics associated with
因此我的问题是今天您会选择遵循道德和伦理来处理科学概念呢
scientific concepts or the exploration and explanation of the concepts themselves and which one engages you to a greater degree?
还是会只是探索和解释科学概念本身 哪一种会更适用于你您？
Charlie, this is a great question. In mathematics you may have run across the word integer and
查理，这真是个好问题。在数学中，你也许遇到过“整数”这个词
you may know the word integral and you may know the word integral. It’s integral to
你也许知道“整体”这个词，我看上去
my outlook, or whatever. What we want is for everybody to be a complete person with a complete
挺协调之类的话。我们希望每个人都能成为一个一名完整的人
point of view, a complete understanding of the process of science which enables humankind to know nature.
拥有完整的观点，对人类理解对自然所依赖的科学发展过程
But also to have an appreciation for what it means to be a member of the tribe,
也有一个完整理解。同样还要能尊重作为这个大种族的一名成员
to be a human, to be living here on Earth with other humans and other species.
与其他人或种族共同生活在这个星球上
So we want you to have both an appreciation for the process of science and an appreciation
因此我们希望你能既尊重科学发展过程，又能尊重
for ethics or what seems to be the best way to live, the best way to conduct yourself
这种我们能协调的最好的共存方式，也就是伦理
on Earth and especially in the human tribe. So with that said when it comes to ethics
在地球上尤其是人类种群里贡献自我。因此，如果说到伦理
I always, pretty much always, harken to evolution and here’s the extraordinary claim and you
我一贯的表态就是，关于进化论的，郑重的声明
can evaluate this Charlie. That not only is our size and shape, the number of fingers
查理你可以自己评估。地球上不仅仅是只有我们这样大小和外形的种群，手指的数量
we have, our eye color and hair color and skin color associated with our ancestors and
眼睛、头发、皮肤的颜色是与我们的祖先相关的
the genes that were passed to us through the process of evolution. But furthermore what
以及在进化的过程中基因被遗传了下来。但是其实
we feel is a result of evolution. Our ancestors who were antisocial jerks got pushed aside
这只是我们感觉到的进化的一种结果。我们的祖先里只要是反社会的混蛋都会被其他的
by the ones that were perhaps more social and less jerky. However, you don’t want to be meek.
更社会化的人群所抛弃。然而，你不会只想做一个温顺的人。
You want to have the right level of aggression and the right level of accommodation
你会希望拥有一定适合程度的进攻性，以及一定程度的适应性
with your fellow creatures. And when it comes to ethics when you look at whatever scheme
在整个种群中。当你提到伦理时，你可以看下
you feel is most reasonable to pass your genes on into the future that usually leads to what
影响你判断的是，向未来尽可能远的传递基因这种认知才是最合理的。这往往会带来
we all consider ethical behavior. And the classic example, this is not my fault – don’t
我们通常会认为的伦理行为。经典的例子是，不是我的错 - 别
come running to me Charlie, okay. This is a thought experiment Charlie, okay.
冲着我来哈，查理。你可以认为这是一个实验，好的
Don’t bust my chops. It’s not a real thing. The house is on fire. You have a chance to either
别难为我哈，这不是真事。好，有个屋子着火了，你有机会可以
save your son or your grandson. By the rules of this thought experiment you can’t save both.
救出你的儿子或者你的孙子。这里限定的规则是你无法两个都救。
You can’t say well I find a firehose and I call in The Terminator and he can walk through fire.
你不能说好的我去找一个消防带，或者去找终结者，它可以穿过大火。
No. You pick your grandson. You always pick the grandson. You will feel
不行。你会选择救出你的孙子。而且总是这样。
that because that passes the genes farther into the future if you’re a guy.
你会这样觉得是因为这会让基因向未来传递的更远。
If you’re a woman you’ll pick whichever offspring is farthest in the future. It’s the same thing.
如果你是一名女性，你会选择能在未来更久的后代。这是一样的。
So when it comes to how you should threat other people who are not part of your
因此当我们的范围扩大到其他人，不是你的
family everybody is a human is somehow related. If you go far enough back everybody is related
血缘关系。其实如果你往足够久之前看，我们每个人都是亲戚
as troubling as that may seem. And so this old thing expressed as the Golden Rule – do
因此，黄金法则就是，也是老话了 -
onto others as you would have them do onto you. If you can do that Charlie I think you
己所不欲勿施于人。Charlie如果你可以做到这一点
will get through life as well or better than anyone. Carry on.
我相信你会在生命中获得比任何人都要多的幸福。加油！
