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Newlywed girls like these were helped in their adjustment by keeping up their contacts with their birth families
新婚女子能更适应环境，如果与娘家保持联系的话
Almost always naming their parents and siblings often along with their husbands
她的兄弟姐妹通常与丈夫一起
as executors in the wills they usually drew up during their first pregnancies
作为遗嘱的执行人，通常在第一胎时写好遗嘱
These often occurred in the first years of marriage
内容通常就是婚后前几年的生活
as we saw with the wife of Giovanni Bondimier
正如我们所知的Giovanni Bondimier之妻
who had those three daughters in the five years after her wedding
婚后五年生下三个女儿
It was true also of Orda Da Canal whom I just mentioned
刚提到的Orda Da Canal也是
And also Arimonda Marino
Arimonda Marino也是如此
The affectionate young wife I mentioned at the beginning of my talk both were pregnant when they drew up their wills
以及刚开始时我提到的那位深情的少妇都在怀孕时写好遗嘱
These early pregnancies accelerated
早婚使得少妇们
the social and psychological maturing of young wives as they prepared for
社交和心理都加速成熟，因为她们要做足准备
And then experienced the new and more responsible status of motherhood
然后体验为人母全新的责任感
I want to focus a bit more closely on the effects of a young bride's presence in her new marital situation
我们再详细谈谈新娘在婚姻中的作用
Whether the new couple lived with the husband's family or on their own
新婚夫妇无论是和男方家人一起住还是组建小家庭
Certainly the most potent effect was the way the dowry
最有力的影响当然是嫁妆
replaced the husband's economic substance with the addition of new elements
怎样取代新郎的经济地位为之带来新的因素
The marital family headed by a husband lived off the proceeds of the dowry
以丈夫为首的新婚家庭靠着嫁妆来生活
whether it took the form of profits from invested dowry cash rents from real estate
形式则多种多样，把嫁妆的现钱投资牟利，房产得到的租金
Or interest from shares in a public debt dowries were cobbled together with any or all of these
公债股权的利息就是这些拼凑起嫁妆
And sometimes even fabrics imported from the East
有时候甚至包括从东方进口的布料
To be marketed by the new husband applying the profits he gained to the upkeep of his family
丈夫可以把它售出，从中获利来供养家庭
was after all the whole purpose of the dowry
这就是嫁妆的意义
But their importance in the family's well-being
但家庭福利的重要性
highlights the considerable weight of the wife's material presence in the household
彰显出女人的财力对每家每户都相当重要
In Florence tax surveys tell us
弗洛伦萨的税务调查告诉我们
wives' dowries accounted for one fifth to one third of a family's conjugal wealth
女人的嫁妆占到了双方财产的五分之一到三分之一
There are no equivalent Venetian figures
威尼斯则没有相关数据
But we can get a sense of a similar situation there from an act of the Senate of 1535
但情况应该也类似1535年上院的一条法令
trying once again to put a stop to those immoderate dowries
再次试图阻止嫁妆过度激增的趋势
The Senators lamented that unlike the adventurous noble merchants of past centuries
议员们都哀叹前代的贵族商人敢于冒险
Young men nowadays disdain
现在的年轻人却不屑如此
I'm quoting business in the city in overseas commerce
说的是他们不屑进行海外市场城市的贸易
Or in any other worthy industry
或者其他有利可图的行业
But instead were content to live off their wives' dowries
反而却满足于靠女人的嫁妆过活
The indolence of some young husbands whose numbers senate greybeards probably exaggerated
这些懒惰的年轻人的数量可能被年老的议员夸大
The hopes of every husband that his wife would bequeath her dowry
每个丈夫都希望妻子会把嫁妆
to the couple's children including those daughters
传给后代包括女儿
A woman's birth family's heavy investment in her dowry
女人娘家这笔大额投资
and the basic principle that the wife was the ultimate proprietor of the dowry
以及原则上妻子才是嫁妆的最终所有人
All those things but a married woman
所有这些使已婚妇女
in the middle of a complicated interfamilial game in which her loyalty
陷入复杂的家族事务中她的忠诚
And its tangible expression in how she used her dowry was the prize
以及这忠诚如何具体表现在嫁妆的使用上是这一切的奖赏
