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The Venetian patrician humanist Francesco Barbaro in his treatise on marriage of 1416 added a third consideration
威尼斯贵族中的人文学者Francesco Barbaro在1416年的著作中论及婚姻，他对此提出第三点
The authority an older husband should impose on his young wife
丈夫对少妻应施加权威
Brides should be like soft wax Barbaro said
Barbaro说新娘应像柔软的蜂蜡一样
The better to bare their husband's stamp
能打上丈夫的印记
impressions stamped previously are difficult to efface from hardened wax
蜂蜡变硬后先前的印记已难抹去
These are the reasons parents felt compelled to put their daughters on the marriage market by their mid-teens
这些使父母确信女儿应在十几岁时就出嫁
Giovanni Bondimier married his wife whose first name was not recorded as usual
Giovanni Bondimier娶的妻子名字照例不详
In 1449 the marriage took place in 1449
这对夫妇在1449年结婚
And the couple quickly produced three daughters
很快便有了三个女儿
Just how quickly appears from those daughters' marriage dates
一切都进展得很快，从女儿的婚期就看得出
The first married in 1461, the second in 1462, and the third in 1466
第一个在1461年结婚，第二个是1462年，第三个是1466年
which means the first two must have married around age 12
这说明大女儿和二女儿在12岁左右结的婚
And the third no later than age 15
第三个不超过15岁
We don't know how old their mother was when she started getting pregnant with these daughters
我们不知道她们的母亲在什么时候受孕
But it must have been right after her wedding in 1449
但肯定是在1449年婚后不久
These were exceptionally young marriage ages for girls in the 15th century
15世纪女人们就是这么小就结婚的
Though less unusual in the plague ridden 14th
但在瘟疫横行的14世纪已不再罕见
More characteristic was Francesco Valier in 1492
1492年的Francesco Valier更加典型
He wanted his daughters to marry at age 16 at the latest he said though earlier
他说希望女儿16岁前出嫁，也可更早
If my executors think it more appropriate to their honor
如果执行人认为此事更合乎他们的荣誉
Alvis Ezzani in 1485 wanted his daughter Michella married between the ages of 14 and 16
Alvis Ezzani在1485年的时候希望女儿Michella在14到16岁间结婚
Mothers were just as insistent
母亲们也有同样的坚持
Orsa Da Canal in 1440 threatened
Orsa Da Canal于1440年威胁道
that if her daughters weren't married by age 17 they were to get nothing from her estate
如果女儿17岁还没结婚，就得不到她的遗产
Petronella Morazzini in 1464 conditioned her request to her daughter Paulina
Petronella Morazzini于1464年要求她的女儿Paulina
on the girl's marrying as soon as she turned 14
在14岁就结婚
and if the girl's father wanted to delay Paulina's marriage
如果孩子的父亲意图拖延女儿成婚
He was to be removed from the administration of Petronella's estate
他将不能享有Petronella财产的管理权
As it happened Paulina was married two years later when she was no older than 15
如她所愿，Paulina在两年后结婚，当时未到15岁
Petronella Orsa Da Canal and other mothers could influence the marriages of their daughters
Petronella Orsa Da Canal和其他母亲们能够影响女儿的婚姻
Because their wealth was an essential component
因为她们的财产就是必要的保证
In some cases the crucial component of the dowries the girls' fathers hoped to offer prospective sons in law
在某些情况下，嫁妆这一重要的组成部分是岳父为准女婿准备的
Once they were married most new brides moved in with their husband's family
婚后大部分女人便搬到夫家
beginning their wifehood in an alien space they had never seen before
在一个陌生的环境中开始了作为妻子的生活
Often under the authority of their new spouse's father
通常处于公公的监管下
Or sometimes his widowed mother
或丈夫寡母的监管下
For most teenage brides it must have been intimidating even frightening
对很多年轻的新娘来说，这使人害怕甚至感到恐惧
To leave their sheltered life at home or in a convent
要走出闺阁或修道院
To now find themselves in the home of strangers
然后在一群陌生人中生活
And in the bed of one of them
并和其中一位同床共枕
