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But from a sleep perspective
但从睡眠的角度来看
in some ways
从很多方面来说
these are very subtle shifts in circadian system
作息系统只发生了很轻微的偏移
and subtle shifts in the sleep system
睡眠系统的偏移也很轻微
But in modern society
但现代社会充满了
with lights and arousal activity and social interaction
灯光 各种刺激性的活动和社交活动
these subtle changes at puberty
青春期出现的这些轻微偏移
lead to patterns of behavior that have a huge effect
会对行为方式产生重大的影响
The late night erratic schedule
夜晚不正常的作息时间安排
and early school start time
过早地上学时间
lead to sleep deprivation
使青少年睡眠不足
that erodes mood and motivation
进而降低他们的情绪和动机
creates more stress and affective problems
给他们造成更多的压力和情感障碍
and interferes with sleep and arousal regulation
从而影响到睡眠-苏醒调节机制
and balance and interferes with metabolic regulation
打破睡眠-苏醒平衡 影响到代谢系统
It can create greater problems falling asleep
还会造成失眠
If the kids become obese
如果一个孩子出现肥胖症
they can have sleep apnea
他们会出现睡眠呼吸障碍
there's another negative spiral
这又是另一个负向螺旋了
The issue here is that it's a social context
关键问题在于 社会环境
that's amplifying the biologic change
扩大了胜利变化带来的影响
leading to a trajectory which is very very hard to change later
使青少年的朝着将来难以改变的方向发展
This onset of adolescence
青春期的到来
is a key developmental inflection point in a number of ways
在很多方面是发展过程中的关键点
I'm gonna go quickly over this
我快速讲一下这部分内容
I want to come back to the...
我要回到一个问题上来
what are the research questions?
即什么是我们的研究问题?
What can we do as investigators
作为研究者
interested in getting tracks and leverages on these systems?
我们如何追踪和调节这些系统间的平衡?
How do we recognize both the importance and complexity
如何从发展的角度
of sleep intertwined with these systems particularly
认识到这些系统间相互作用的
from the developmental perspective?
重要性和复杂性?
And come up with questions about
然后回答这样一个问题
where can we find these leverage points?
即撬动这些系统的受力点在哪里?
What about developmental windows?
发展的窗口期是什么时候?
What are the behavioral and motivational opportunities
什么时候才有行为和动机上的契机
to get attraction to shift these systems in positive ways
使我们能够引导这些系统超积极方向发展?
These are very important and intriguing questions
这些问题非常重要 也非常有趣
