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Cathy repeats the memory test with a squad of 12 mice...
凯西在这十二只老鼠身上不断重复这个记忆测试...
Before moving on to a second group of mice who received THC when they were slightly older, equivalent to teenagers aged 15 and over.
然后再对另一组老鼠进行测试。它们使用大麻的时间较晚，相当于人类15岁以上。
And straight there.
一下就到了。
That's right. So you see a much straighter, a more directed action to the pool, and he found it much quicker.
是的，这只老鼠找到平台，游的路线更短，花的时间更快。
Once more, twelve mice are tested before Cathy compares the results of the two groups against a control group.
凯西又对另外十二只老鼠进行了同样的测试。然后把两组结果和控制组比较。
So this is the track data that we have from the computer system that we use, it's able to give us really accurate recording and measures of...
这些是老鼠游过的轨迹，是我们使用电脑系统记录下来的。它帮助我们精确地记录和测量...
not just the time it takes for the mice to reach the platform, but also how far they've swam, the distance they've swam.
不仅老鼠到达平台使用的时间，还有它们游过的速度和距离。
So the first mice we have here, these are the black mice that received THC when they were very young adolescents,
这是测试的第一只老鼠，这些黑老鼠都是在年幼时就使用了大麻。
And if you look at the track, they're really swimming all over the pool really,
如果你看一下轨迹的话，你会看到它们几乎遍布了整个水池，
not in a very straight pattern, and taking a long time to reach the location.
蜿蜒曲折，使用的时间也很长。
So if we now compare to the mice who received the THC when they were teenagers or young adults, you can see they really have learnt the location of the platform.
如果我们现在把它们和年长点才使用大麻的老鼠比较，你能看到后者已经记住了平台的位置。
So clearly, giving THC when you're an older age doesn't seem to cause an impairment.
所以很明显，如果年纪稍长些再使用大麻，可能不会造成损害。
And can you quantify the difference between the two?
你能说一下两者有多大的区别吗？
We do find a very large significant difference, as much as 25% deficit in the THC-treated young adolescent mice,
我们发现一个非常重大的差异，大约有1/4的使用THC的年幼老鼠会出现问题，所以我们非常确定给年幼的孩子THC，会对他们成年后的记忆产生巨大的影响。
so we really are fairly sure that there's a strong impact in giving THC to young adolescents.
因此我们非常确定，若孩子在年幼时接触大麻，会产生重大的影响。
There's a lasting effect on their memory performance when they're adult.
会对他们成年后的记忆力产生持续的作用。
Could you translate that to human development?
你能不能说一下它对人类成长的影响？
That's right. We think that would indicate the vulnerable group are children under 15 receiving high doses or concentrations of THC repeatedly.
我们认为这些实验对象能代表15岁以下的，长期吸入大剂量、高纯度THC的孩子。
It's a worrying trend, because the number of children who are now taking cannabis is really on the rise.
现在，使用大麻的小孩的人数正在不断增加，这是一个让人十分忧心的趋势。
So we know that in the UK at least, 40% of 15-year-olds have tried cannabis already.
据我们所知，仅在英国，40%的15岁以下的小孩曾吸过大麻。
And this is really at the point at which they might be developmentally vulnerable to the effects of THC.
而这时正是他们会受到THC影响的成长期。
Cathy's research implies that just a few years can make a critical difference to how cannabis affects your brain.
凯西的研究表明，仅仅几年时间的差异，大麻对你脑部的影响就大不相同。
But for schizophrenia to develop is rare.
但精神分裂产生是很罕见的。
The likelihood of developing schizophrenia in your lifetime is 1%.
你一生中患上精神分裂的可能性只有1%。
Occasional cannabis use can raise this to 2% while heavy use might raise the lifetime risk to 6%.
偶尔使用大麻会提高到2%，而大量使用会提高到6%。
