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Coffee is a brewed drink.
咖啡是一种煮制的饮料
It is prepared from roasted seeds of the coffee plant.
它是由烤过的咖啡树种子制的
The plant itself is like a shrub or small tree.
这种植物像灌木或者小树
The coffee beans are inside a red or purple fruit.
咖啡豆长在一种红色或紫色的果实中
Coffee is often known for its high caffeine content.
咖啡因其高咖啡因含量而闻名
Coffee is grown all over the world.
世界各地均有种植咖啡
Some larger producers are Hawaii, Indonesia,
一些较大的产地有夏威夷，印度尼西亚
Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala,
哥伦比亚，墨西哥，危地马拉
Kenya, Puerto Rico and Brazil.
肯尼亚，波多黎各和巴西
One important thing to note is that
很重要的一点我们需要注意的是
coffee can be broken into two distinct categories;
咖啡可以划分为两个品种
Arabica and Robusta.
阿拉比卡和罗布斯塔
Arabica coffee comes from
阿拉比卡咖啡产自
high altitudes and is of high quality.
高海拔地区，品质较高
This type of coffee would be found
巴西和哥伦比亚的种植的
in Brazil and Colombia.
就是这种咖啡
Robusta is from lower altitudes and has a hearty taste.
罗布斯塔产自低海拔地区，口味浓厚
This would be found in Kenya.
肯尼亚种植的是这种咖啡
In general coffee consumption has been found
通常饮用咖啡对于
to provide a weak protective effect
多种癌症有微弱的
against a variety of cancers.
预防作用
Coffee is comprised of
咖啡含有
a wide variety of chemical compounds
很多种化学成分
which give it the range of aromas
这些化学成分使它有很多种
and tastes that consumers enjoy.
饮用者喜爱的香气和口味
It is likely that some of these compounds
很可能是这其中一些成分
contribute to the health benefits of coffee.
令咖啡对健康有益
Coffee contains two specific diterpenes;
咖啡含有两种特殊的二萜类物质
cafestol and kahweol which are unique to the coffee bean
咖啡油醇和咖啡豆醇，它们是咖啡豆独有的
Diterpenes belong to
二萜是
a large and varied class of hydrocarbons.
数量众多种类纷繁的碳氢化合物中的一类
It has been proposed that
有人认为
compounds in coffee such as these may contribute to
咖啡中的这些成分可能
the anti-carcinogenic effect of coffee.
令其具有抗癌效果
Coffee, like tea, also contains polyphenols.
像茶一样，咖啡也含有多酚
Lignins and flavonoids are found in coffee
人们发现咖啡中有木质素和类黄酮
and both are known to have anti-carcinogenic properties.
这两种物质都具有抗癌特性
Another component of coffee is chlorogenic acid.
咖啡的另一个成分是绿原酸
Chlorogenic acid may be associated with moderating
绿原酸可能与
the rate of glucose release into the blood stream
减缓葡萄糖向血液的释放速率
after a meal and increasing insulin sensitivity.
及提高胰岛素敏感性有关
Both of these effects would
这两种作用都
be beneficial in protecting from diabetes.
有利于预防糖尿病
Chlorogenic acid also has antioxidant effects
绿原酸也具有
which may reduce cancer risk.
可能降低癌症患病几率的抗氧化作用
In a recent review by the science
纵观近期科学界
associated with coffee consumption and cancer risk
对于咖啡摄入量和患癌几率的一系列研究
it was found that
发现
drinking more than 3 cups of coffee per day
每天喝三杯以上咖啡
was associated with a slight increase
会使某种特定形式的
in a specific form of gastric cancer
胃癌发病率轻微上升
but not with other forms of gastric cancer.
但不会影响其他形式的胃癌
Cancers of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus
咽，喉及食道的癌症发病几率
were not affected by consumption of coffee.
不受咖啡摄入的影响
To investigate the relationship
为了研究
between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer
饮用咖啡和直肠癌间的关系
a team of researchers from Harvard Medical School
一组哈佛医学院的研究者们比较了两组数据
compared data from the nurse's health study
其中一组数据来自
which was comprised of women
女性护士健康调查
and the health professional's study
另一组来自男性
which was comprised of men.
专业保健人士的研究
