On our library door are two big signs:
No Smoking
No Littering
Library Hours
Monday through Friday: 8 a.m. — 10 p.m.
Saturday: 8 a.m. — 6 p.m.
Sunday: 2 p.m. — 10 p.m.
It is Monday. It is 8 o'clock. Many students are waiting for the library to open. This is not unusual during the examination week. Now the doors are open. The students walk in quietly. The library is always quiet even on very busy days.
You are here in the library. You must obey library rules. You mustn't smoke. You mustn't litter the floor.
You can borrow books from the library, but you can't borrow one without a library card.
Sometimes you may want to borrow a book but you don't know its call number. You may ask the librarian to help you. He will be glad to help.
图书馆
图书馆门口有两张布告:
禁止吸烟
禁止乱扔废物
* * *
图书馆开放时间
星期一至星期五 上午8点-晚上10点
星期六 上午8点-下午6点
星期日 下午2点-晚上10点
今天星期一,现在是8点钟。许多学生正等着图书馆开门,这种情况在考试周里常能见到。门开了,同学们静静地走进去。图书馆里总是安安静静的,即使在人很多的时候。
你到了图书馆,就必须遵守图书馆的规定,不能吸烟,不能往地板上乱扔东西。
你可以在图书馆借书,但是没有借书证就借不到。
有时你可能想借某本书,但不知道它的书号,你可以找图书馆管理员,他会很乐意帮助你的。
CLEANING
— It's time to clean our room. We must do a good job.
— Yes, we must. Let me clean the windows. I can do windows very quickly.
— All right. Then I'll sweep the floor. Yang Ling can dust the desks and chairs and Wu Ying will take care of the radiators.
— Those pictures are rather old. Let's take them down and put up some new ones.
— That's a good idea.
扫除
— 是打扫咱们房间的时候了,我们一定要把它做好。
— 对,一定要做好。让我来擦玻璃吧,我能擦得很快。
— 好的。我来扫地。杨玲擦桌椅,吴英负责暖气片。
— 那些画太旧了,咱们把它们取下来,换上几张新的吧?
— 好主意。
NOTES TO THE TEXT
课文标题:the library
因为文中library是特指,所以前面加定冠词the。
On our library door are two big signs. 我们图书馆门上有两张布告。
此句为倒装结构,主语为two big signs,出现在谓语are之后,正常结构为:There are two big signs on our library door.
No Smoking 禁止抽烟
No Littering 禁止乱扔东西
英语中常用的告示语:No Parking 禁止停车;No Entry 不得入内;No Trespassing 不得擅入私人领地。
The other sign tells about the library hours.
library hours 指图书馆的开放时间(hour要用复数形式hours)。
类似的说法还有:
business hours 营业时间
office hours 办公时间
Monday through Friday: 8 a.m. — 10 p.m.
Monday through Friday 从星期一到星期五;介词through意思是“直到……时候”,这是美国英语的用法。例如:morning through night 从早到晚
At 8 o’clock on Monday morning, many students are waiting for the library to open. 星期一早上8点钟,很多学生在图书馆门前等着开放。
wait for 等待……
例如:
Don’t wait for me if I am late. 如果我晚了的话,请不要等我。
We are waiting for their reply. 我们在等待他们的答复。
This is not unusual during the examination week. 在考试的那一周,这种情况不足为奇。
提示代词this指代前一句话中所说的情况,即“many students are waiting for the library to open”;not unusual是双重否定的用法,双重否定表示的是肯定,往往表示说话人对自己说的话有所克制,有时候也用来表示强调。
Now the doors are open. 现在图书馆的门都开了。
句中open用在动词are之后,不再是动词,而是形容词,作句子的表语,表示一种状态;the doors指图书馆中各个阅览室的门,即“the doors of reading rooms in the library”,也包括图书馆的大门(the front door)在内。
You must obey library rules. You mustn't smoke.
情态动词must表示“必须……”,mustn’t是must not的缩合形式。
You are here in the library. 现在你进了图书馆了。
主语you在这里是不确定的人称指代,可以是任何人,下面课文中的you都是这种用法。here的意思不是“这里”而是“这时候”或“现在”。
例如:
Here is morning already. 现在已经是早晨了。
Here the speaker pauses. 讲到这,说话的人停了一下。
You must obey library rules.
obey rules 意思是“遵守规则”。含有动词obey的其他短语:
obey the laws 遵守法律
obey an order 服从命令
You mustn’t litter the floor. 任何人不得往地板上乱扔东西。
不必具体指明所扔东西是什么时,可在动词litter后直接加表示地点的名词。例如:
Don’t litter the public beaches. 不要往公共海滩上乱扔杂物。
You can borrow books from the library, but you can’t borrow one without a library card. 你可以从图书馆借书,但是没有借书证你就不能借书。
用情态动词can,may指出“可以……,能够……”;
borrow from 向……借……东西
borrow 借进,借来
lend 借出
Lend sth to sb / lend sb sth 把……借给……
例如:
He wants to borrow some money from his friend. 他想跟他的朋友借一些钱。
Can you lend me your bicycle? 你能把自行车借给我吗?
Can you lend your bicycle to me? 你能把自行车借给我吗?
return 还。例如:I’ll return the tape to you tomorrow. 明天我把磁带还给你。
由连词but连接的并列句结构:
You can borrow books from the library, but you can’t borrow one without a library card.
You may want to borrow a book but you don’t know its call number.
其中but表示意义上的转折。
这里one不是数词,而是一个不定代词,用来代替前面出现过的名词,在这里是用来代替名词book;在这里one不能用it或them来代替。
You may ask the librarian to help you. 你可以请图书馆管理员来帮助你。
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事;类似的句式还有:tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事,让某人做某事。例如:
The girl asks her father to buy a present for her birthday. 这小姑娘要求他父亲给她买一个生日礼物。
Please tell him to come tomorrow. 请让他明天来。
NOTES TO THE DIALOGUE
It’s time to clean our room. 是我们打扫房间的时候了。
It’s time to do... / It’s time for... 是做……的时候了,做……的时间到了
例如:
It’s time to have a break. 现在可以休息一会了。
It’s time for dinner. 吃晚饭的时间到了。
We must do a good job.
do a good job 做好一切事
例如:Do a good job in the interview. 在面试中表现出色。
I can do windows very quickly.
do在英语中的基本意思是“做”,但在不同的上下文中会有不同的意思,例如:
I can do windows very quickly. 我擦窗子很快。(do表示“擦洗”)
She does the kitchen and the bathroom every day. 她每天收拾厨房和卫生间。
She wants to do her face before the party. 她想在宴会前化一下妆。(do表示“化妆”)
Yang Ling can dust the desks and chairs and Wu Ying will take care of the radiators.
take care of the radiators 负责暖气片的打扫工作
例如:Take (good) care of yourself. 你要照顾你自己。(多保重)
Let him take care of the garden. 让他来看管那个花园吧。
I will take care of that letter. 我来处理那封信。
Let’s take them down and put up some new ones. 咱们把那些旧画取下来,再贴几张新的上去。
句中them 指代the old pictures;take down 取下,摘下;take down the pictures / take the pictures down摘下画。动词短语的宾语是名词时可放在动词短语之间或其后;若是代词做宾语时,代词必须放在动词短语的中间。
ones是one 的复数形式,因为one一般用来代替可数名词,所以它有复数形式,这里ones代替pictures。
put up 在此是“张贴”,但它还有其他一些意义,例如:
He is going to put up a new plan. 他将提出一份新计划。(put up是“提出”)
Put up your hands. 举起手来。(put up是“举起”)
Let’s put up a tent here. 咱们在这搭个帐篷吧。(put up是“支起、竖起”或“搭建”)
Can you put me up for tonight? 今晚你能给我安排住宿吗?(put sb. up是“给某人安排住宿”)
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